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BIO - Module 4 > Biodiversity + Sampling > Flashcards

Biodiversity + Sampling Flashcards

1
Q

Types of sampling?

A
  • Random
  • Non Random
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2
Q

Types of non random sampling?

A
  • Opportunistic
  • Stratified
  • Systematic
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3
Q

Define Biodiversity

A

A measure of all the different living organisms and their genes and ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic factors

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4
Q

What is a species?

A

Individuals that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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5
Q

Methods of sampling insects?

A
  • Sweep net
  • Pooter
  • Pitfall Trap
  • Beating tray
  • Light Trap
  • Tullgren funnel (leaf litter)
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6
Q

Methods of sampling plants?

A
  • Quadrat
  • Point Frame
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7
Q

Methods of sampling mammals?

A
  • Longworth Trap
  • Observation
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8
Q

How do you set up a pitfall trap?

A
  • dig a hole in the ground
  • place a steep sided container in the hole, with the opening at soil
    level
  • cover the opening to prevent the container filling with water
  • leave the trap for three days
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9
Q

What are the limits of mark release recapture?

A
  • assumes no natural population change
  • assumes the marking is harmless
  • assumes appropriate mixing time
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10
Q

Define:

Species richness

A

The number of species in an area

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11
Q

Define:

Species evenness

A

The number of individuals of each species

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12
Q

Simpson’s Diversity Index

A

D = 1- Σ(n/N)²

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13
Q

Define:

Genetic diversity

A

The variation of genes in a species

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14
Q

Describe:

Natural selection

A
  • Variation occurs in a population due to mutation
  • Selection pressure is placed on a population
  • Some organisms are better adapted to survival - survival of the fittest
  • Surviving organisms reproduce and pass on genes to offspring
  • Repeat over many generations
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15
Q

Define:

Genetic bottleneck

A

Reduced gene pool due to a decrese in population

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16
Q

Define:

Natural selection

A

Non advantageous alleles lost from population - survival of the fittest

17
Q

How do you calculate genetic diversity?

A

(no. of loci with more than 1 allele / total no. of loci) x 100

18
Q

How does agriculture affect biodiversity?

A
  • Monoculture - No genetic variation
  • selective breeding - reduces genetic biodiversity
19
Q

Define:

Keystone species

A

Organisms that have a disproportionate effect on their enviroment

20
Q

Name:

3 Examples of a keystone species

A
  • Mountain lions
  • Sugar maple trees
  • Beavers
21
Q

How are mountain lions a keystone species?

Arizona

A

Control the deer population

22
Q

How are Sugar maples a keystone species?

USA

A
  • Provide habitats for multiple organisms
  • Roots supply other plants with water
23
Q

How are beavers a keystone species?

A
  • Flooded rivers provide wetland habitats
  • Clear trees provide open land habitats
24
Q

Reasons for maintaining biodiversity

A
  • Genetic resources - medicine
  • Economic reasons - Preventing desertification
  • Aesthetics - increase wellbeing
25
Q

Name:

The two types of conservation

A
  • In situ
  • Ex situ
26
Q

What does CITES stand for?

A

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

27
Q

What does IUCN stand for?

A

International Union for Conservation of Nature

28
Q

State:

Advantages of in situ conservation

A
  • Plants and animals protected while in their natural enviroment
  • Helps protect the natural area
29
Q

Disadvantages of in situ conservation

A
  • Create a Honeypot
  • Endangered habitats can be fragmented
30
Q

Define:

Honeypot

A

Members of an endangered species are gathered in on place - Poaching

31
Q

Advantages of ex situ conservation for animals

A
  • Captive breeding can increase the population faster
  • Education
  • Maintaining genetic biodiversity
32
Q

Advantages of ex situ conservation for plants

A
  • Plant seeds can be stored easily
  • Captive plants can easily be introduced into the wild
  • plants can reproduce quickly
33
Q

Disadvantages of ex situ conservation for animals

A
  • Harder to reintroduce into the wild
34
Q

Disadvantages of ex situ conservation for plants

A
  • Limited funding
  • Seeds may not remain viable
  • May not have enough genetic diversity

BIO - Module 4 (3 decks)

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