Biodiversity Lecture December 2nd

Question 1

International and national efforts to control plant pests:

Answer 1

International: International Plant Protection Convention
National: Plant Protection Act
*Does not include GMO’s

Question 2

Access to Plant genetic resources:

Answer 2

International: International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
National: Public federal gene banks: Plant Gene Resources of Canada (SK); Canadian Clonal Genebank (ON); and Potato Gene Resources Repository (NB)

Question 3

Wetland Conservation (internationally and nationally)

Answer 3

International: Ramsar convention on wetlands
National: National Parks Act
Wildlife Act
Migratory Bird Convention Act (MB Sanctuaries)
Ecogifts
North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP; JVs)
National Wetland Conservation Fund

Question 4

Heritage Sites (International and National)

Answer 4

International: World Heritage Convention
National: National Parks Act, Provincial Equivalents
(8 cultural, 8 natural
Most natural protected as National or Provincial Parks)

Question 5

Trade in Endangered Species (International and National)

Answer 5

International: Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
National: Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act

Question 6

Conservation of Migratory Species (International and National)

Answer 6

International: Bonn Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species
National: Migratory Bird Convention Act
-North American Waterfowl Management Plan; Joint Ventures (Birds)

Question 7

General Conservation of Biodiversity (Internationally and Nationally)

Answer 7

International: CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
National: SARA, Wildlife Act, National Parks Act, Migratory Bird Convention Act, Fisheries Act, etc.

Question 8

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this:
International cooperation for conservation and sustainable use; promotion of environmentally sound, sustainable development

Answer 8

Fulfillment: Migratory Bird Convention Act
Joint ventures (birds)
??

Question 9

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans

Answer 9

Canadian Biodiversity Strategy (1995): 81-page document produced in conjunction with provinces and territories

Question 10

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Identification and monitoring of biodiversity and potentially harmful activities

Answer 10

-SARA for species at risk (monitoring: EC; identification or risk: EC and COSEWIC)
-Monitoring state of national parks? Report every 5 years under National Parks Act
(Of 102 assessed for ecological integrity in 2011, 90% doing okay (healthy pops))
-Fisheries Act (DFO)
-North American Breeding Bird Survey

Question 11

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Control invasive and genetically modified organisms

Answer 11

Aquatic Invasive Species Regulations

NOTHING ON GMOs

Question 12

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Respect, preserve, and maintain relevant traditional ecological knowledge and lifestyles

Answer 12

SARA (NACOSAR)
Migratory Bird Convention Act exceptions for aboriginal people
Fisheries Act
National Parks Act allows for some traditional resource uses

Question 13

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Develop endangered species legislation
Rehabilitation/restoration of habitat for threatened species

Answer 13

SARA, provincial equivalents

SARA, provincial equivalents
Habitat Stewardship Program
Interdepartmental Recovery Fund
Endangered Species Recovery Fund

Question 14

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Protected Areas
Develop incentives for conservation and sustainable use

Answer 14

National Parks Act
National Marine Conservation Areas Act
National Wildlife Act
Provincial equivalents
Ecogifts

Question 15

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Research, training, and public education
Environmental impact assessment

Answer 15

NSERC funding for academics
Government research
Endangered Species Recovery Fund
National Parks, zoos, botanical gardens, aquariums, etc.
Aboriginal Capacity-building Fund
BC & ON: environmental education policies
Environmental Impact Assessment Act, provincial equivalents

Question 16

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Financial mechanisms and support for developing nations
Produce periodic national reports

Answer 16

$83.17 million annually 2006-2011 to support biodiversity?

5th National Report published in 2014: 112 pages, led by EC in collaboration with provinces and territories

Question 17

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Biosafety
Cartagena Protocol under CBD to protect against LMOs (GMOs)

Answer 17

Nothing

Question 18

Requirements of the CBD and how we are fulfilling this: Benefit Sharing
Nagoya Protocol under CBD

Answer 18

Nothing

Question 19

North American Breeding Bird Survey

Answer 19

Run by USGS, CWS (under Environment Canada) (Comision nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad new partner?)
Volunteer-based: government provides support, collates data
Songbird monitoring: road-side point counts
Main indication of trends: 1966-present

Question 20

Aquatic Invasive Species Regulations (2015)

Answer 20

Under Fisheries Act
Prohibitions against import, transport, possession of identified aquatic species
Prohibition against introduction of non-native species where there are fish unless authorized
Except: fisheries officers; emergency search and rescue, fire; permits for research, education, biocontrol
Exemptions for large boats

Question 21

How will Canada meet AICHI targets?

Answer 21

Plan laid out in latest CBD national report (2014)
Includes national strategies, proposed indicators
Led by Environment Canada, with involvement of provinces, territories, other interested parties, public consultation

Question 22

Aichi Goal A:

Answer 22

Address underlying causes of biodiversity loss
1. Public Awareness and involvement, integration into school curriculum. Increased contact with and appreciation of nature
2. Biodiversity values
integrated into development and poverty reduction
incorporated into national accounting and reporting systems
3. incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity eliminated, phased out or reformed order to minimize impacts
incentives for the conservation and sustainable use