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Biodiversity > Biodiversity conservation and management > Flashcards

Biodiversity conservation and management Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 organizations involved with biod. conservation

A
  1. IUCN: International Union for Conservation of NAture
  2. UNEP: United Nations Environmental Programme
  3. WWF: World Wildlife Fund
  4. UNEP-WCMC: UN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre
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2
Q

What is the role of the IUCN?

A

It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together.

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3
Q

How many member organizations and experts does the IUCN have?

A

1,400 Member organisations and 17,000 experts.

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4
Q

Name the IUCN´s six commissions

A
  1. species survival
  2. environmental law
  3. protected areas
  4. environmental, social and economic policy
  5. ecosystem management
  6. education and communication.
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5
Q

Which challenges do the Sustainable Development Goals adress?

A

Those related to poverty, inequality, climate, environmental degradation, prosperity, and peace and justice.

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6
Q

The Sust. Development Goals should be achieved by the year:

A

2030

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7
Q

Who makes up the ¨neutral forum¨of the IUCN?

A

Governments, NGOs, scientists, businesses, local communities, indigenous peoples groups, faith-based organisations, etc.

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8
Q

Which is the only environmental organisation with official United Nations Observer Status?

A

The IUCN

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9
Q

Fact!

A

IUCN develops conservation projects around the world by combining the latest science with the traditional knowledge of local communities, these projects work to reverse habitat loss, restore ecosystems and improve people’s well-being. They also produce a wealth of data and information which feeds into IUCN’s analytical capacity.

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10
Q

How does the democratic process takes place between the member organisations of the IUCN?

A

By voting Resolutions which drive the global conservation agenda. They meet every four years at the IUCN World Conservation Congress to set priorities and agree on the Union’s work programme.

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11
Q

Name 4 key international environmental agreements produced by the IUCN congresses.

A
  1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
  2. the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES)
  3. the World Heritage Convention
  4. the Ramsar Convention on wetlands.
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12
Q

What does the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) do?

A

It is an international legal instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.

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13
Q

What does the the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora do?

A

It is an international agreement between governments that aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

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14
Q

What does the World Heritage Convention do?

A
  1. Defines the kind of natural or cultural sites which can be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List.
  2. Sets out the duties of States Parties in identifying potential sites and their role in protecting and preserving them.
  3. Explains how the World Heritage Fund is to be used and under what conditions international financial assistance may be provided.
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15
Q

What is the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands?

A

It is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.

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16
Q

How many species does CITES protect today?

A

More than 37000

17
Q

The most significant feature of the 1972 World Heritage Convention is:

A

It links together in a single document the concepts of nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties. The Convention recognizes the way in which people interact with nature, and the fundamental need to preserve the balance between the two.

18
Q

What are the the States Parties from the World Heritage Convention encouraged to do?

A
  1. Integrate the protection of the cultural and natural heritage into regional planning programmes.
  2. Undertake scientific and technical conservation research
  3. Adopt measures which give this heritage a function in the dayto-day life of the community.
  4. Enhance the protection of the World Heritage properties through educational and information programmes.
19
Q

What percentage of UN member states have acceded to become “Contracting Parties” of the Ramsar convention?

A

90%

20
Q

What does the United Nation´s Environmental Programme (UNEP) do?

A

It is a leading global environmental authority that sets the global environmental agenda, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the United Nations system, and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment.

21
Q

Where does the UNEP has its headquarters?

A

Nairobi, Kenya

22
Q

What are the seven broad thematic areas the UNEP works on?

A
  1. climate change
  2. disasters and conflicts
  3. ecosystem management
  4. environmental governance
  5. chemicals and waste
  6. resource efficiency
  7. environment under review.
23
Q

Fact 2

A

The UNEP depends on voluntary contributions for 95 percent of incomes.

24
Q

The UNEP hosts the secretariats of many critical multilateral environmental agreements and research bodies, such as:

A

-The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
-The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
-The Minamata Convention on Mercury
-The Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions
-.The Vienna Convention for the Protection of Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol
-The Convention on Migratory Species
-The Carpathian Convention
The Bamako Convention
-The Tehran Convention

25
Q

What did The Morges Manifesto state?

A

That while the expertise to protect the world environment existed, the financial support to achieve this protection did not. (Then, the World Wildlife Fund was established as an international fundraising organization.)

26
Q

In how many countries does the WWF work and how many members does it have?

A

100 countries and is supported by five million members globally.

27
Q

Fact 3

A

The UNEP-WCMC is a collaboration between UN Environment and the UK charity, WCMC. It is based in Cambridge, UK.

28
Q

What services do the UNEP-WCMC provide? (6)

A

1) Biodiversity information systems addressing data access, data management, data processing
2) Policy analysis and plan development to support policy development so that it is consistent with international environmental agreements.
3) Building relationships between different decision-makers to integrate biodiversity.
4) Environmental safeguards and standards development
5) Spatial planning, scenarios and modelling
6) Facilitating the sharing of skills and knowledge on biodiversity and natural capital

29
Q

The Conference of the Parties (COP) has established seven thematic programmes of work which correspond to some of the major biomes on the planet. Which are those thematic programmes?

A
  1. Agricultural biodiversity
  2. Dry and sub-humid lands biodiversity
  3. Forest biodiversity
  4. Inland waters biodiversity
  5. Island biodiversity
  6. Marine and coastal biodiv.
  7. Mountain biodiv.
30
Q

What is In-situ conservation?

A

The conservation of species in their natural habitats. It is considered the most appropriate way of conserving biodiversity. That’s why protected areas form a central element of any national strategy to
conserve biodiversity.

31
Q

What is Ex-situ conservation?

A

The preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated species.

32
Q

What are different ways of ex-situ conservation?

A
  • Gene banks, e.g. seed banks, sperm and ova banks, field banks.
  • In vitro plant tissue and microbial culture collections.
  • Captive breeding of animals and artificial propagation of plants.
  • Collecting living organisms for zoos, aquaria, and botanic gardens for research and public awareness.
33
Q

Fact…

A

Ex situ conservation measures should support in-situ conservation measures (in-situ conservation should be the
primary objective).

34
Q

How do you classify non-orthodox seeds?

A

Recalcitrant or intermediate, according to their storage behavior.

35
Q

What are recalcitrant seeds?

A

Seeds that undergo little, or no, maturation drying and remain desiccation sensitive both during development and after they are shed.

36
Q

What is a protected area?

A

A geographically defined area that is regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives.

37
Q

What is the IUCN role regarding protected areas?

A

Since 1948, IUCN has developed standards and guidelines for PA management. Protected areas have been established following the categories defined by the IUCN.

Biodiversity (3 decks)

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