BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION Flashcards
The Earth is undergoing a ___ that could see up to a
million species disappear in the coming decades – and humans
are contributing heavily to this
mass exctinction
___ refers to the variety and variability among living
organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur
biological diversity
“biodiversity” was coined by ___, and when?
Walter G. Rosen, 1986
Diversity can be defined as the
___
number of different items and their
relative frequency
___ (___) first attributed the term “biological
diversity” however did not provide any formal definition of
biodiversity, but only focus on species richness
Thomas Lovejoy (1980)
___ and ___ (___), included ecological
and genetic diversity.
Eric A. Norse and Robert E. McManus (1980)
CBD stands for
Convention on Biological Diversity
How do we study Biodiversity?
- exploration and monitoring
- tools of the trade
- synthesizing evidence
- building capacity
Why Biodiversity is Important?
- healthy environments
- healthy humans
- healthy economics
Benefits and Values of Biodiversity
- anthropocentric value (ecosystem services, direct and indirect benefits)
- ethical values (aesthetic/moral/ethical/spiritual thought)
It is considered to be related with the enjoyment or satisfaction
received directly by biological resources, and it includes two types:
consumptive use value and productive use value
direct values
___ can be
harvested directly and measure
its outputs as it consumed locally.
Consumptive use value
Products that are commercially
harvested for informal exchange
markets, is known as___.
productive
use value.
___deals primarily with the natural resources and the
biological diversity at the limited scale (i.e., on the local society) or
at large scale (i.e., ecosystem) rather than to individuals or
corporate species.
Indirect values
Some uses or values associated with biodiversity are unmeasurable.
These may include unknown genetic material, cultural or religious
values.
Non-use values
The benefits people obtain from ecosystems are known as
___.
ecosystem services
ecosystem services:
- Provisioning services
- Regulating services
- Cultural services
- Supporting services
The environmental inputs flowing
into the economy form the environment can be divided
into ___ and ___
natural resources and ecosystem inputs
IUCN stands for
International
Union for Conservation of Nature and National
Resources
The concept of biodiversity for sustainable
development was first promoted by the ___
World Conservation Strategy in 1980 by the International
Union for Conservation of Nature and National Resources (IUCN).
___ is defined as “development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”
Sustainable development
Societies need to handle three types of capital:
- Natural Habitats
- Social Welfare
- Market Values
___ provides the basis for ecosystems and well-being, providing
products, such as water and food both wild and cultivated, besides
other agricultural commodities, whose values are widely recognized.
Biodiversity
___ describes how biological systems remain diverse and
productive over time.
Sustainability
