Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology Kireth > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by biodiveristy?

A

the variety of living organisms present in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 different ways in which biodiversity can be studied?

A
  • habitat biodiversity
  • species biodiversity
  • genetic biodiversity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is species richness?

A

the number of different species living in a particular area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is species evenness?

A

a comparison of individuals in each species in a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is meant by genetic biodiversity?

A

refers to the variety of genes that make up a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is sampling?

A

means taking measurements of a limited number of individuals in a certain area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the method for random sampling?

A

select individuals by chance:
- mark out a grid on the area, use a random no. generator to determine the x and y co-ordinates
- take a sample from the co-ordinates generated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is opportunistic sampling?

A

(not representative of population) use organisms that are conveniently available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

population divided into strata (sub-groups) based on particular characteristic (e.g. separating males and females)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

diff areas within an overall habitat are identified, which are then samples separately
- line transect
- belt transect (sample taken from between the two lines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the techniques used for sampling animals?

A

-pooter (used to catch small insects)
- sweep nets
- pitfall traps (trap small animals)
- tree beating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does a point quadrat work?

A

frame with horizontal bar, push pins in at different intervals

record each species of plant in the pin touches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does a frame quadrat work?

A

consists of a square frame, divided into equal sections
the type and number of each species within the sections is recorded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you collect the most valid representative sample?

A

quadrats, with random sampling technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can frame quadrats be used to sample a population of plants living in a habitat?

A

density

frequency

percentage cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the six abiotic factors?

A

wind speed
light intensity
relative humidity
pH
temperature
o2 content in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is biodiversity calculated?

A

Using Simpson’s Index

D = 1 - total (total number of organisms of all species / total number of organisms in particular species)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the results of a Simpson’s index mean?

A

1 = infinite biodiversity
0 = no biodiversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the factors that affect genetic biodiversity?

A

INCEASE:
1. mutations
2. interbreeding between different populations (alleles transferred known as gene flow)
DECREASE:
1. Selective breeding
2. rare breeding
3. natural selection
4. genetic bottlenecks
5. founder effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is meant by genetic bottleneck?

A

where only few individuals survive an event or change, reduces gene pool for further populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is meant by the founder effect?

A

where a small number of individuals create a new colony, geographically isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the three human influences on biodiversity?

A
  1. deforestation
  2. agriculture
  3. climate change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is meant by the abundance of species?

A

number of species within the area

24
Q

What is meant by the frequency of species?

A

how many species in a space

25
Why is mutation a factor that affects genetic biodiversity?
mutation of an allele in the DNA interbreeding between different populations (gene flow)
26
What is meant by gene flow?
individuals move between different populations of their species, this migration brings new alleles into the population
27
What is meant by artificial selection?
selective breeding = humans choose the individuals from the pop, with desired characteristics
28
What is meant by natural selection?
species evolve because they have advantageous characteristics, survive and over time alleles coding for less advantageous characteristics will be lost from majority of the population
29
What is meant by genetic drift?
due to the random nature of alleles being passed on, so the frequency of occurrence of an allele will vary in some cases the allele can disappear all together
30
What are polymorphic genes?
have more than one allele
30
What does it mean if the proportion of polymorphic gene loci is closer to 0/1?
If it is close to 1 = high genetic biodiversity 0 = low genetic biodiversity
30
What is the equation to calculate the proportion of polymorphic gene loci?
number of polymorphic gene loci site of a gene / total number of loci
30
How is deforestation being tackled?
aforestation, forests are being replaced, however biodiversity levels still lower to the original environment
30
What are the three main reasons to maintain biodiversity?
1. Aesthetic 2. Economic 3. Ecological
31
What are the aesthetic reasons to maintain biodiversity?
- provides a beautiful environment for people to live in - natural beauty, good for people physical and mental health
31
What are the three human influences on biodiversity?
1. deforestation 2. Agriculture 3. Climate change
31
How is climate change affecting biodiversity?
- pollution - increase in avg global temps - rising sea levels - extreme weather
31
How is deforestation affecting biodiversity?
- reduces the number of trees present in the area - could reduce species diversity, if only a certain type of tree is chopped - reduces animals in area, loss of habitat - animals forced to migrate, increase biodiversity of neighbouring areas
31
How is agriculture affecting biodiversity?
- monoculture - chemical pesticides, can ruin environments - selective breeding can reduce biodiversity
32
What are the economic reasons to maintain biodiversity?
- reduce soil erosion = agriculture - reduce mineral depletion - sustainability - economically valuable species - avoid the rapid spread of diseases - promote tourism
33
What are the ecological reasons for maintaining biodiversity?
- individuals are interdependent upon each other for survival: - in the food chains - for pollination - keystone species, have a disproportionate impact on a habitat and its biodiversity
34
What is the definition of a key stone species?
species that play a key role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community
35
What is meant by an endermic?
a species that is unique to a defined geographical location
36
What is meant by conservation?
involves preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resources
37
What is meant by in situ conservation?
within the natural habitat
38
What is meant by ex situ conservation?
out of the natural habitat
39
What are the two examples of in situ conservation?
1. Wildlife reserves 2. Marine conservation zones
40
How do wildlife reserves work?
humans actively manage controlled poaching, feeding animals, they become domesticated - halting succession
41
How does Marine Conservation Zones?
less well established than reserves on land, and there are few globally - limited fishing - international cooperation needed
42
What are some of the examples of ex situ conservation?
1. Botanic gardens 2. seed banks 3. Captive breeding programmes
43
How do Botanic gardens work?
they are limited in genetic variety - no natural interactions
44
How do seed banks work?
- genetic material in the form of seeds stored, to maintain viability
45
How does captive breeding programmes work?
- can reduce genetic biodiversity - increase global numbers - doesn't mean individuals are suitable to be released into the wild
46
What is the example of three conservational agreements?
1. international Union for the Conservation Nature 2. The Rio Convention 3. Countryside stewardship scheme
47
What is the International Union for the Convention of Nature?
Release red list once a year - details current conservation status of threatened animals
48
What is the Rio Convention?
Convention of biological diversity, requires countries to be more sustainable
49
What is the Countryside Stewardship scheme?
maintaining the beauty and diversity of landscape, restoring regulated land - improving opportunities for countryside enjoyment

Biology Kireth (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions