Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

apes > biodiversity > Flashcards

biodiversity Flashcards

11/8

1
Q

How is the current mass extinction different from the previous ones?

A

It is caused by human activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define threatened species

A

Still abundant in its natural range but is likely to become endangered soon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define endangered species

A

Few individual survivors that, could soon become extinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who is the IUCN?

A

International Union for Conservation of Nature: a membership union of government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The characteristics that make a species more prone to extinction

A

 Low reproductive rate
 Rare
 Specialized niche
 Narrow distribution
 Feeds at high trophic level
 Commercially valuable
 Large territories
 Fixed mitigation patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The acronym HIPPO C and what it stands for

A
  • most important causes of premature extinction
     Habitat Destruction
     Invasive Species
     Population
     Pollution
     Overhunting
     Climate Change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The importance of bird biodiversity

A
  • Excellent environmental indicators because they live in every climate and biome

 controlling rodent and insect populations
 remove dead animal carcasses
 spread plants through pollination
 dispersal of plant seeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

An international treaty, regulating and monitoring their trade by listing species of animals and plants that cannot be commercially traded

A

CITIES (protecting species)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Makes it illegal for Americans to import or trade in any product made from an endangered or threatened species

A

Endangered Species Act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the IN-SITU method?

A

Leaving the animal where it is (their environment) but protecting it

Ex. Elephants: make laws that prevent poaching and have people to enforce it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the EX-SITU method?

A

Taking the animal out of its habitat & protecting it.

EX: Zoos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the Whooping Crane species management approach?

A

In-Situ Method

 legal protection, habitat protection, and biological research

 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initiated a migration monitoring program to protect migrating Whooping Cranes from disease outbreaks and other potential hazards, and to compile information on the characteristics of stopover sites

 whooping cranes were marked with colored leg bands then released so that they could be tracked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the California Candor species management approach?

A

Ex-Situ Method

 There were only 22 birds left due to lead poisoning from ammunition left in carcasses

 Used a breeding program to release 135 in the southwestern us

 Asked hunters to remove all killed animals and bury gut piles

 Passed legislation banning the use of lead in ammunition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

 The evolution of a biological community’s ecological structure
 Plants and animals first colonize a barren, lifeless habitat

A

Primary succession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

 Occurs on substrate that previously supported vegetation before an ecological disturbance
 Like floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, and volcanic eruptions which destroy plant life

A

Secondary succession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are old-growth forests?

A

 An uncut or regenerated forest that has not been disturbed for several hundred years

 36% of the world’s forests

 Host many species with specialized niches

 Most of the original trees had been cut down by the 20th century

 Forests have since reclaimed abandoned farms and filled in around suburban development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ecological Services of Forests

A

 Support energy flow and chemical cycling
 Reduce soil erosion
 Absorb and release water
 Purify water and air
 Influence local and regional climate
 Store atmospheric carbon
 Provide numerous wildlife habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Economic Services of Forests

A

 Fuel Wood
 Lumber
 Pulp to make paper
 Mining
 Livestock grazing
 Recreation
 Jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 Different techniques to harvest trees.

A

1) Selective Cutting
2) Strip Cutting
3) Clear Cutting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

trees are individually harvested from diverse forests

A

Selective Cutting

17
Q

portions of the forest are harvested

A

Strip Cutting

18
Q

an entire forest can be cut down

A

Clear Cutting

19
Q

The trade-offs of clear cutting.

A

 Advantages: higher timber yields, max profit in short time, reforest, needs less skill, and good for trees that need full sunlight

 Disadvantages: reduces biodiversity, disrupts ecosystems, destroys wildlife habitats, leaves large openings, increases water pollution/flooding, eliminates recreational value

20
Q

How can we use sustainable forestry

A

 Protect forest areas high in biodiversity

 Stop clear-cutting on steep slopes

 Cease logging of old-growth forests

 Rely more on selective cutting and strip cutting

21
Q

How can we prevent tropical deforestation?

A

 Protect diverse/endangered areas

 Educated settlers

 Phase out subsidies

 Certify sustainably grown timber

 Reduce illegal cutting

 Reduce poverty

 Slow population growth

22
Q

Tropical Deforestation

A

 Half of the world’s plants and animals live in tropical rain forests

 Large areas are burned to make land for cattle ranches and crops

 The single greatest eliminator of species

22
Q

How can we restore tropical forests?

A

 Rehabilitation of degraded areas

 Concentrate farming and ranching on already cleared areas

22
Q

How do surface fires benefit the ecosystem?

A

 Burn away flammable ground material

 Release valuable mineral nutrients

 Releases seeds from cones (pine)

 Maintains wildlife habitats

23
Q

What are National Parks? How do they protect biodiversity?

A

 a scenic or historically important area of countryside protected by the federal government for the enjoyment of the public or the preservation of wildlife:

 preserve natural habitats
 protect endangered species
 used for scientific purposes/research

24
Q

What are the stresses on the US National Parks?

A

 Overused due to popularity

 Air pollution

 Off road vehicles

 Inholdings (private ownership) threaten natural resources

25
Q

when cattle/animals eat vegetation before it had a chance to grow

A

Overgrazing

26
Q

What are the effects of overgrazing?

A

 Soil erosion

 Reduced agricultural productivity

 Loss of biodiversity

 Disruption of ecological balance

 Water scarcity

 Landscape degradation

 Decline in plant root health

 Increased wind erosion and water runoff

 Reduced water infiltration rates and water holding capacity

27
Q

What percent of the earth’s land is protected?

A

12%

28
Q

What percent of earth’s land is protected from harmful human activities?

A

only 5%

29
Q

How much of earth’s land do ecologists want to be protected

A

at least 20%

30
Q

What are the 5 basic principles of ecological restoration?

A

1) Identify cause.

2) Stop abuse by eliminating or sharply reducing factors

3) Reintroduce species if necessary.

4) Protect area from further degradation.

5) Use adaptive management to monitor efforts, assess successes, and modify strategies

31
Q

Is it cheaper/easier to prevent ecosystem damage then it is to restore the ecosystem?
Yes or No

A

Yes

32
Q

What are the 4 ways to restore ecosystems?

A

1) restoration
2) rehabilitation
3) replacement
4) artificial ecosystems

33
Q

trying to return to a condition as similar as possible to original
state.

Ex: removing a golf course and converting it to a nature preserve

A

restoration

34
Q

attempting to turn a degraded ecosystem back to being
functional, often done when restoration is not possible.

Ex: Lake Okeechobee in
Florida has undergone a project to reduce phosphorus overload by paying farmers to remove
cattle from the sub-basin of the watershed.

A

Rehabiliation

35
Q

Replacing a degraded ecosystem with another type of
ecosystem. Ex: Converting a forest that has been clear cut into a grassland

A

replacement

36
Q

Artificial Ecosystem

A

such as artificial wetlands for flood
reduction and sewage treatment

37
Q

Repairing an ecosystem that has been destroyed

A

Remediation

38
Q

encourages biodiversity in human-dominated ecosystems.

A

reconciliation ecology

39
Q

Setting aside or protecting undisturbed natural areas from harmful human activities

A

preservation

40
Q

to avoid, reduce, or
minimize human impacts on the environment

A

What is environmental mitigation?

41
Q

What can you do to help sustain terrestrial biodiversity?

A

 Adopt a forest

 Plant trees

 Recycle paper/buy recycled products

 Choose wood furniture substitutes over plastic

 Restore a nearby degraded forest/grassland

 Plant a diversity of plants natural to the area

 Live in a town not a suburban area because it reduces biodiversity

42
Q

 Explains how species diversity is influenced by factors such as island size, distance from mainland, and immigration/extinction rates

A

The Theory of Island Biogeography

43
Q

 Individuals produce an excess of offspring.

 Not all offspring can survive.

 Individuals differ in their traits.

 Differences in traits can be passed on from parents to offspring.

 Differences in traits are associated with the differences in the ability to survive and reproduce

A

Biodiversity through natural selection

apes (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions