Biodiversity

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

The number of different species within an ecosystem and the number of different alleles within a species.

Question 2

Endemic

Answer 2

Species found in only one geographical location.

Question 3

Measuring biodiversity

Answer 3

D= N(N-1)/En(n-1)

Question 4

Heterozygosity index

Answer 4

Number of heterozygotes/number of individuals within the population

Question 5

Niche

Answer 5

The role an organism occupies within a habitat

Question 6

Anatomical adaptation definition and example

Answer 6

A structural thing that increases an organisms chance of survival. E.g sharp teeth on sharks.

Question 7

Physiological adaptation definition and structure

Answer 7

A process that increases an organisms chance of survival e.g skunks spraying toxins when threatened.

Question 8

Behavioural adaptation definition and example

Answer 8

An action that increases an organisms chance at survival and reproduction. E.g birds mating dances.

Question 9

Species

Answer 9

A group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring.

Question 10

Gene pool

Answer 10

All of the alleles of all of the genes within a population at one time.

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

All the individuals of one species in one area at one time

Question 12

Allele frequency

Answer 12

The proportion of an allele within a gene pool

Question 13

Assumptions of hardy Weinberg equation:

Answer 13

• No mutations
• random mating (no inbreeding)
• large population size
• no migration to introduce or remove alleles from the population

Question 14

Hardy Weinberg equation meaning (p^2+2pq+q^2)

Answer 14

P = the frequency of the dominant allele
q = the frequency of the recessive allele
p^2 = the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype
2pq = the frequency of the heterozygous genotype
q^2 = the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype.

Question 15

What is evolution?

Answer 15

the change in allele frequency in a population over time

Question 16

How is a new species formed? (Allopathic speciation)

Answer 16

1. An event occurs that leaves two groups of a species genetically isolated due to a geographical barrier.
2. On either side of the geographical isolation, there are different selective pressures.
3. Overtime, each population faces mutations that cause them to be more adapted to their environment as different alleles that are advantageous are more likely to be passed on.
4. This leads to a change in allele frequency in both populations.
5. Overtime, the populations become so genetically different that if reunited, they can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
6. A new species has formed.