Biodiversity

Question 1

noahs ark preservation

Answer 1

given a limited preservation budget, what species do you save

Question 2

benefits of preservation

Answer 2

the effect on the probability a species survives with preservation efforts

the social value of the species

Question 3

costs of preservation

Answer 3

social opportunity cost of preservation (what doesn’t happen)

Question 4

fig 6 what species would you preserve

Answer 4

species A

increased survival rates means priority

Question 5

use (market) values of a species surviving

Answer 5

commercial value when harvested

eco-tourism

genetic prospecting and pharmaceuticals

Question 6

nonuse values of a species surviving

Answer 6

existence- needs to be here
stewardship-ability to preserve it
option- option to see it
bequest- future generations

Question 7

valye of species in ecosystem for species surviving

Answer 7

harms entire ecosystem if you remove a species

Question 8

survival benefits of individual species

Answer 8

use, nonuse, and species in ecosystems values

Question 9

genetic distinctiveness can lead to preserving species more disctinctive than others TF

Answer 9

T

Question 10

fig 7-combined what two ecosystems would you preserve

Answer 10

A and D- together make the most diverse

Question 11

preserving diversity doesn’t mean only preserving the species rich ecosystems TF

Answer 11

T

Question 12

why do we need to value diversity to humans

Answer 12

we must compare diversity benefits to market and non market benefits and costs of preservation

Question 13

the costs of species preservation

Answer 13

direct costs - park rangers, pruchasing development

opportunity costs- value of preserved area in its next most valuable use

Question 14

calculating the expected value per dollar of the costs for preservation for each species the equation is

Answer 14

[(use value + nonuse value + diversity value)*probability the species survives ] / cost of protecting the species

aka

value of protecting species / cost of protecting species

Question 15

is the priority for protection high or low if the species is endangered and it would take a large investment to increase the survival probability by a small amt

Answer 15

low

Question 16

is the priority for protection high or low if the species is only found in a few small areas and they are not very costly to protect

Answer 16

high

Question 17

is the priority for protection high or low if the species is on a land with high commercial value

Answer 17

low

Question 18

is the priority for protection high or low if the species is a keystone species

Answer 18

high

Question 19

is the priority for protection high or low if the species is a charasmatic megafauna

Answer 19

high

Question 20

if you ignore preservation costs because the species is priceless what happens

Answer 20

Ri and Ci go to zero

everything has an infinite priority

leads to resources spread too thin over many areas

Question 21

nonuse and diversity values are easy to calculate tf

Answer 21

f

Question 22

what act is the main policy for protecting biodiveristy in the us

Answer 22

the endangered species act

Question 23

some things the endangered species act says

Answer 23

listing of species as endangered or threatened

prohibition of unauthorized taking possession and sale of endangered species

authority to acquire land for the conservation of listed species using land and water conservation funds

auhtorizes establishment of cooperative agreements and grants to states that establish and maintian programs for endangered and threatened species

criminal penalties for voilating the act

Question 24

habitat conservation plans

Answer 24

volluntary binding agreements between private landowners and public agencies

landowners take conservation measures they are allowed accidental takings

Question 25

1978 ammendment god squad to endangered species act

Answer 25

grand acception to listed species if

proj if og regional or national significance

proj has no reasonable alternatives

the beenfits of the exemption outweigh the benefits of alternative action where species is conserved

Question 26

why may people harm the species due to the endangered species act

Answer 26

makes people reduce their economic output

people are more likely to shoot the animal because they don’t want it on their land due to preservation measures

Question 27

how to mitigate the urge to get rid of the species on your property

Answer 27

offer incentives and pay farmers for land use restrictions

payments for environmental or ecosystem services

private individuals may not recieve the public benefit of protecting the species

Question 28

A wildlife agency is trying to decide whether it should expend resources to protect an endangered
species. Explain all of the costs and benefits that the agency must consider to make an efficient
decision about whether to preserve the species

Answer 28

benefits:
market values
- commercial value when harvested
-eco-tourism and view related values
-genetic prospecting for pharmaceuticals

non market values
-existence
-stewardship
-option
-bequest

Value of species in ecosystems
-removing species from ecosystem can harm entire ecosystem

Diversity benefits

______________________
Costs

Direct costs
-park rangers
-purchasing development rights

Opportunity costs
-value of preserved area in its next most valuable use

Question 29

Suppose that a species is only found on land with low commercial value. Everything else equal,
would this species have a relatively high or relatively low priority for protection?

Answer 29

high

Question 30

Suppose that another species is a cultural icon like the giant panda in China or the bald eagle
in the United States. Would this species have a relatively high or relatively low priority for
protection?

Answer 30

high