biodiversity

Question 1

Advantage of using SD over range as a measure of variation.

Answer 1

SD is spread of data around the mean.
SD reduces effect of anomalies.
Can be used to see if differences between means are significant

Question 2

Species richness
(or species diversity)

Answer 2

Number of different species in a community

Question 3

Genetic diversity

Answer 3

Differences in bases sequence of DNA

Question 4

carrying capacity

Answer 4

Maximum number of organisms of a particular species that can be supported indefinitely in each stable environment.
Birth rates = death rates.

Question 5

community

Answer 5

all the populations of every species living in the same environment at the same time

Question 6

habitat

Answer 6

a place where an organism lives within an ecosystem

Question 7

species

Answer 7

organisms that can breed together and produce fertile offspring

Question 8

hierarchy

Answer 8

larger groups containing smaller groups
with no overlap between groups

Question 9

niche

Answer 9

-an organisms role within the ecosystem
different species occupy different niches to reduce interspecific competition for food etc

Question 10

ecosystem

Answer 10

all organisms interact with biotic and abiotic factors

Question 11

population

Answer 11

Total number of individuals of one species in an ecosystem

Question 12

Phylogenetic group

Answer 12

Grouped according to evolutionary relationships and common ancestry

Question 13

. What is ‘N’ and ‘n’ in the index of diversity equation:

Answer 13

‘N’ = total number of organisms of all species
‘n’ = number of organisms of each species

Question 14

What is the advantage of index of diversity, rather than species richness, as a measure of biodiversity within a community?

Answer 14

2. Index of diversity takes account of number of individuals within a population and the number of species whereas species richness measures only number of different species.

Question 15

Why is index of diversity for ‘…group of animals…’ higher in ‘area 1’ than ‘area 2

Answer 15

-More …. Species
- more food sources
-more habitats and niches

Question 16

named event’ (eg deforestation) reduces diversity index. Explain why

Answer 16

removes species of …… (eg plants/insects ect)
-fewer species
- fewer food sources (note: not less food)
-fewer habitats and niches

Question 17

Give the taxonomy hierarchy

Answer 17

Domain,
Kingdom,
Phylum,
Class,
Order,
Family,
Genus,
species
smaller groups within in a larger group
no overlaps - each distinct group

Question 18

Give the ways to measure genetic diversity of species

Answer 18

Comparing base sequence of DNA
Comparing base sequence of mRNA
Comparing observable features

Question 19

Describe ways in which courtship behaviour
increases the probability of successful mating.

Answer 19

Recognise and attract same species
2. Stimulates mating
3. Recognition and attraction of mate
4. Indication of sexual maturity and fertility
5. Formation of a pair bond

Question 20

Describe why a specific species’ courtship
song/behaviour prevents mating between
members of different species

Answer 20

song/behaviour prevents mating between members of different species
-so same sex/differ species is not attracted
-meaning song/behaviour is a sign stimulus
-and necessary precursor to mating
-only same species responds to species-specific sound/behaviour.

Question 21

courtship sequences

Answer 21

more similar a courtship sequence is the more closely related the species are

Question 22

how do farming techniques reduce biodiversity

Answer 22

selective breeding
destruction of hedgerows
monocultures
overgrazing
filling in ponds and draining wetlands