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Biology BED > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is habitat diversity?

A

Number of different habitats in an area

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2
Q

What is species diversity?

A

The number of different species and the abundance of each species in an area.

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3
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

The variation of alleles within a species

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4
Q

How can we sample an area to measure biodiversity?

A
  1. Choose an area to sample
  2. Count the number of individuals of each species
  3. Repeat the process (LARGE SAMPLE SIZE = MORE ACCURATE)
  4. Use results to estimate the total number
  5. Use the same sampling technique throughout.
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5
Q

How can we sample insects?

A

Pitfall traps
Potter
Tullgren funnel
Kick sampling
Sweep net

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6
Q

What are examples of non random sampling and why is it used?

A

Split up field into grids then select grids using a random number generator.
This helps to avoid bias

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7
Q

What are examples of non random sampling?

A

Systematic
Opportunistic
Scarified

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8
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Samples are taken at fixed intervals, along a line

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9
Q

What is Opportunistic sampling?

A

Samples are chosen by the investigator
(Simple but data is biased)

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10
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Where different areas in a habitats are identified and sampled separately in proportion to their part of the habitat.

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11
Q

What is species richness?

A

Number of different species within an area

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12
Q

What is species evenness?

A

Measure of the relative abundance of each species in an area

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13
Q

How can we asses genetic diversity?

A

We can measure the number of polymorphic gene loci within an area.

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14
Q

What affects biodiversity?

A

Human population growth
Agriculture
Climate change

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15
Q

How does human population growth affect biodiversity?

A
  1. Habitat loss
  2. Over exploration
  3. Urbanization
  4. Pollution
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16
Q

How does agriculture effect biodiversity?

A

Increased monoculture in agriculture
1. Habitat loss as land cleared for crops
2. Local and naturally occurring plants and animals are seen as weeds and pests, and are destroyed
3. Heritage varieties of crops are lost as they don’t yield high enough.

17
Q

How does climate change effect biodiversity?

A
  1. A higher temperature may not support an organism to survive. (Low genetic diversity so can’t survive)
  2. Species forced to migrate to a more suitable area
  3. If organisms can’t migrate then will become extinct
18
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species that without them the ecosystem would change dramatically. Usually predators (wolves, beavers)

19
Q

Why do we need to maintain genetic resources?

A

Useful genes may be lost if biodiversity isn’t maintained. (Used in drugs, food, clothes, fuels)

These allow us to adapt to changes in the environment

20
Q

Why do we need to stop soil depletion?

A

Continuous monoculture causes soil depletion because nutrients are gradually used up.
As a result more money is spent on artificial fertilizers.

21
Q

Why do we need to maintain biodiversity for aesthetic reasons?

A

Areas rich in biodiversity provide pleasant, attractive landscapes

Can attract visitors which has economic advantages.

22
Q

What is in Situ conservation?

A

Keeping animals in their natural habitat, and conserving the ecosystem to ensure survival of this species.

23
Q

How is in situ conversation carried out.

A
  1. Establishing protected areas such as national parks and wildlife reserves.
  2. Controlling or preventing introduction of new species
  3. Protecting habitats
  4. Promoting a particular species
  5. Giving legal protection to endangered species.
24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of in situ conservation?

A

Advantages:
Large populations can be protected
Less disruptive

Disadvantages:
Difficult to control some factors which are threatening a species

25
Q

What is ex situ conservation?

A

Protecting a species by removing it from its original habitat.

26
Q

How is ex situ conservation carried out.

A

Animal relocated to a safer area.
Then animals are in breeding programs until they are strong enough to be reintroduced to original habitat.

27
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of ex situ conservation

A

Advantages:
Controlled environment

Disadvantages:
Only a small number cared for
Difficult and expensive to create environment.
Many species can’t breed successfully

28
Q

What are botanic gardens?

A

Controlled environments used to grow a variety of rare plants for conservation, research, display and education.
Endangered plants can be grown

29
Q

What are seed banks?

A

Store of seeds which are frozen, so they don’t lose their fertility.
Useful if natural reserves are destroyed by disease or disaster.

30
Q

What is the aim of the Rio Convention on Biology Diversity.

A

Develop international strategies on conservation, and use of resources sustainably.
It’s international law, and provides guidance to governments.

31
Q

What is the aim of CITES (Conservation on International Trade in Endangered Species)

A

Regulates the trade in wild animal and plants.

Illegal to kill endangered species

Helps to conserve biodiversity by limiting trade through licensing, and making it illegal to trade products made from endangered species

Raise awareness of threats to biodiversity through education

32
Q

What is the Aim of the CSS (Countryside stewardship scheme)

A

Conserve wildlife and biodiversity, by promoting management techniques to land owners.

10 year agreement to pay landowners who follows techniques

Biology BED (3 decks)

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