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Science 9 > BIODIVERSITY > Flashcards

BIODIVERSITY Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

symbiosis

A

The interactions in a relationship between organisms of different species that last over time.

Ex: the relationship between a clownfish and a sea anemone

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2
Q

What is diversity index

A

A measure if the biological diversity in an area, calculated by dividing the number of run in a walk-through of an area by the total number of specimens.

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3
Q

What is a variation

A

Differences in characteristics of organisms caused my genetic and environmental factors.

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4
Q

What are species

A

A group of organisms that share similar genetic and physical characteristics; Generally these organisms can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

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5
Q

What is speciation

A

The evolution of different species from a single ancestor.

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6
Q

What is structural adaptation

A

an inherited physical characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment.

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7
Q

What is behavioral adaptation

A

An inherited characteristic behavior that helps an orgnism survive in its environment.

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8
Q

Why is it better to have a variety of similar species in an ecosystem?

A

leads to greater stability

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9
Q

Are all organisms within a species identical? True or False?

A

False.

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10
Q

What did Charles Darwin discover when he on the Galapagos Islands?

A

He discovered that in different areas of the islands, the finches had a variety of physical adaptatations to survive in their environments.

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11
Q

Is it normal for some places to have a higher diversity index? True or False?

A

True.

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12
Q

What is a Niche

A

A niche is where an organism lives and what is does.

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13
Q

What is an adaptation

A

An adaptation helps an organism to compete with each other for the needs of life.

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14
Q

When do species compete with each other?

A

When their resources start to get low.

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15
Q

What is a broad niche?

A

The roles or characteristic activities filled by a generalist organism.

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16
Q

What is a narrow niche?

A

A highly specialised role or characterisric activiy undertaken by an organism in an ecosystem.

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17
Q

What is a symboitic relationship?

A

A relationship between different species.

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18
Q

True or fale: Do all species avoid conflict?

A

False. Only some

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19
Q

Why does Canada have less diversity in species?

A

Canada has less diverse species because the organisms have to be able to adapt to multiple different environments due to seasonal changes.

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20
Q

What is specialists?

A

A type of organism that adapts to a very specific environment.

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21
Q

What is specialization?

A

Specialization is adaptation for surviving in very specific environments.

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22
Q

What is a mutualism?

A

A symbiotic relationship between two different types of organism that is beneficial to both organisms.

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23
Q

What are generalists?

A

An organism with generalized requirements and adaptations that allow it to survive in variable conditions and depend on a variety of food sources.

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24
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

The formation of a new individual from a single orginism.

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25
Q

What is binary fission?

A

The splitting of a single -celled organism into two new organisms.

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26
Q

What are spores?

A

A single-celled reproductive structure from which an individual offspring develops.

27
Q

What are zoospores?

A

A flagellated asexual spore.

28
Q

what is a meristem?

A

An area of cell division of unspecialized cells in the tip of roots and shoots that produce new growth in plants.

29
Q

What are clones?

A

An identical copy of a molecule, gene, cell, or entire orgsnism.

30
Q

What is budding?

A

An asexual reproduction process in which a bud forms on an organism, grows, and eventually breaks away to become a new orginism independent of the parent.

31
Q

What are zygospores?

A

A single-celled reproduction structure formed in sexual reproduction by some fungi.

32
Q

What is bacterial conjugation?

A

The direct transfer of genetic material (DNA) from one bacterial cell to another.

33
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A new cell formed by the process of fertilization.

34
Q

What is a pistil

A

The seed-production, or female part of a flower.

35
Q

what is stamen

A

The part of a flower that contains pollen.

36
Q

What is an ovule?

A

The plant part that develops into a seed.

37
Q

What is a pollen tube?

A

In a plant, a tube that grows from pollen grain toward the ovule.

38
Q

What is an embryo?

A

A multi-cellular organism during early development

39
Q

What are cotyledons?

A

A seed leaf; a structure in a seed that nourishes the plant embryo.

40
Q

What are genetics?

A

A studies of genes or heritable traits.

41
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

In genetics, traits show a range of possibilities.

42
Q

What is direct variation?

A

In genetics, inherited traits have a limited number of variations, such as the ability or inability to roll one tongue.

Another example is having attached or unattached earlobes.

43
Q

What are dominant traits?

A

An inherited trait that shows up in offspring.

44
Q

What are recessive traits?

A

An inherited trait that shows up in the offspring only if both parents passed on the gene for the traits.

45
Q

What is DNA?

A

A molecule that stores genetic traits.

46
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in genetic information, or DNA, of an organism

47
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

In a cell, tightly packed strains of DNA are visible under a lighted microscope.

48
Q

What are biotechnologies?

A

Using or modifying a used organism to make marketable produce.

49
Q

How many chromosomes does a singular person have?

A

46 chromosomes

(also referred to as 23 PAIRS of chromosomes)

50
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Body cells, not the egg or sperm.

51
Q

What is a benefit of variation?

A
52
Q

What is aquaculture?

A

The rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants or food.

53
Q

What is the scientific term for DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

54
Q

What is transgenic?

A

An organism produced by moving DNA from one organism to another to create a new genetic combination.

55
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

Technique in which individual plants or animals with desirable traits are bred together to develop plants or animals with specific traits.

56
Q

What is breeding?

A

when you take two organisms and they mate to create offspring.

57
Q

What is natural selection?

A

A natural occurring process in which only those organisms with the best traits for survival in an environment survive to reproduce.

58
Q

What is bioindicator species?

A

Species that help indicate environmental change.

59
Q

What are seed banks?

A

A collection of genetically diverse seeds

60
Q

What are domestic animals?

A

An animal that is no longer wild, but has been bred or tamed by humans to perform various funcions

61
Q

How are new breeds of domestic animals developed?

A

selective breeding

62
Q

What can be done to preserve the genetic diversity of plants?

A

Preserve cultural diversity, base food security on biodiversity, keep small farmers on the land, conserve diverse environments, and integrate conservation with use.

63
Q

What are protected areas?

A

a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated, and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature.

64
Q

What are bioindicator species?

A

living organisms such as plants, planktons, animals, and microbes, which are utilized to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment.

Science 9 (6 decks)

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