Biodiversity

Question 1

3 domains of living things

Answer 1

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 2

Features of bacteria

Answer 2

• divide by binary fission
• 70s ribosomes
• no membrane bound organelles

Question 3

Features of archaea

Answer 3

• no membrane bound organelles
• more complex RNA polymerase
• no murein in cell walls
• membranes contain glycerides

Question 4

Features of eukarya

Answer 4

• contains membrane bound organelles (eukaryotic)
• 80s ribosomes
• no murein in cell walls
• membranes contain glycerides

Question 5

List taxonomic ranks

Answer 5

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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Question 6

2 main forms of biological classification

Answer 6

• artificial: analogous characteristics (similar function), visible useful differences
• phylogenetic: homologous characteristics
  (evolutionary relationships), arranges groups in
  hierarchy

Question 7

Criteria for successful reproduction

Answer 7

• mating btw. members of same species
• both individuals sexually mature
• form pair bond that will raise offspring
• synchronise mating to maximise fertility

Question 8

Why is courtship behaviour necessary?

Answer 8

• females are only receptive to mating for short
  period ( when eggs ready for fertilisation)
• if female responds favourably, then offspring likely
  to be produced

Question 9

Impacts of agriculture (reducing species diversity)

Answer 9

• no. of species + genetic variety of alleles reduced
• leaves small area for all other competing species
• man made fertiliser + pesticide excludes species from
  competing w/ crops

Question 10

Measuring species diversity

Answer 10

N(N - 1) / sum of n(n - 1)
n = total no. of organisms of each species
N = total no. of organisms

Question 11

How to determine differences between species?

Answer 11

• visible features (internal + external)
• study sequences of DNA, a.acids, mRNA

Question 12

Pros and cons of looking at features

Answer 12

+ characteristics based on genes, so represent variety of
alleles in a pop.
- many characteristics coded for by many genes +
some overlap
- some characteristics result of their environment

Question 13

Practices removing habitats (direct + indirect) which decrease species diversity

Answer 13

Direct: - removal of hedgerows
- creating monocultures
- overgrazing land
Indirect: - use of pesticides/inorganic fertilisers
- escape of effluent into waterways
- absence of crop rotation

Question 14

Conservation techniques ( to boost species diversity)

Answer 14

• maintain/plant hedgerows as an A shape
• maintain/create ponds + wetlands
• plant native trees
• reduce pesticides / use organic fertilisers
• crop rotation

Question 15

Method of random sampling

Answer 15

1. Divide study area into grid using tape measure
2. Using random number generator, obtain coordinates
3. Take samples at these coordinates + repeat

Question 16

How to minimise effect of chance in random sampling

Answer 16

• use larger sample size to reduce effect of anomalies
• statistical tests of data collected to determine extent
  of influence of chance

Question 17

Reasons measurements may not be representative

Answer 17

• sampling bias
• chance

Question 18

What is a binomial name?

Answer 18

the name given to a species that is made up of two words: the genus name and the species name (e.g. Homo sapiens)