Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

3 domains of living things

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

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2
Q

Features of bacteria

A
  • divide by binary fission
  • 70s ribosomes
  • no membrane bound organelles
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3
Q

Features of archaea

A
  • no membrane bound organelles
  • more complex RNA polymerase
  • no murein in cell walls
  • membranes contain glycerides
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4
Q

Features of eukarya

A
  • contains membrane bound organelles (eukaryotic)
  • 80s ribosomes
  • no murein in cell walls
  • membranes contain glycerides
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5
Q

List taxonomic ranks

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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6
Q

2 main forms of biological classification

A
  • artificial: analogous characteristics (similar function), visible useful differences
  • phylogenetic: homologous characteristics
    (evolutionary relationships), arranges groups in
    hierarchy
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7
Q

Criteria for successful reproduction

A
  • mating btw. members of same species
  • both individuals sexually mature
  • form pair bond that will raise offspring
  • synchronise mating to maximise fertility
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8
Q

Why is courtship behaviour necessary?

A
  • females are only receptive to mating for short
    period ( when eggs ready for fertilisation)
  • if female responds favourably, then offspring likely
    to be produced
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9
Q

Impacts of agriculture (reducing species diversity)

A
  • no. of species + genetic variety of alleles reduced
  • leaves small area for all other competing species
  • man made fertiliser + pesticide excludes species from
    competing w/ crops
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10
Q

Measuring species diversity

A

N(N - 1) / sum of n(n - 1)
n = total no. of organisms of each species
N = total no. of organisms

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11
Q

How to determine differences between species?

A
  • visible features (internal + external)
  • study sequences of DNA, a.acids, mRNA
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12
Q

Pros and cons of looking at features

A

+ characteristics based on genes, so represent variety of
alleles in a pop.
- many characteristics coded for by many genes +
some overlap
- some characteristics result of their environment

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13
Q

Practices removing habitats (direct + indirect) which decrease species diversity

A

Direct: - removal of hedgerows
- creating monocultures
- overgrazing land
Indirect: - use of pesticides/inorganic fertilisers
- escape of effluent into waterways
- absence of crop rotation

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14
Q

Conservation techniques ( to boost species diversity)

A
  • maintain/plant hedgerows as an A shape
  • maintain/create ponds + wetlands
  • plant native trees
  • reduce pesticides / use organic fertilisers
  • crop rotation
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15
Q

Method of random sampling

A
  1. Divide study area into grid using tape measure
  2. Using random number generator, obtain coordinates
  3. Take samples at these coordinates + repeat
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16
Q

How to minimise effect of chance in random sampling

A
  • use larger sample size to reduce effect of anomalies
  • statistical tests of data collected to determine extent
    of influence of chance
17
Q

Reasons measurements may not be representative

A
  • sampling bias
  • chance
18
Q

What is a binomial name?

A

the name given to a species that is made up of two words: the genus name and the species name (e.g. Homo sapiens)