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biodiversity > biodiv > Flashcards

biodiv Flashcards

1
Q

what is a species

A

a group of organisms which can freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

what is a habitat

A

where an organism lives

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3
Q

what are the three types of biodiversity

A

Genetic biodiversity
Habitat biodiversity
Species biodiversity

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4
Q

what is species richness

A

the number of different species in an area or habitat

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5
Q

what is species eveness

A

the distribution of individuals among different species in a specific habitat or area

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6
Q

what is genetic biodiversity

A

variation of genes between individuals belonging to the same species.

e.g.

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7
Q

what does genetic variation play a crucial role in

A

Genetic variation is crucial for a species as it enables adaptation of a species to its changing environment.
allows natural selection
allows camoflage to protect species from predators

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8
Q

what is random sampling

A

Sample sites are taken inside the habitat.

you decide where to take the sample sites before-hand- can be achieved by a random number generator for coordinates.

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9
Q

what are the advantages of random sampling

A

ensures data isnt biased

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10
Q

what are the disadvantages of random sampling

A

it might not cover all areas of the habitat equally- species with a low biodiv can be missed, leading to an underestimate of biodiv

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11
Q

what is non random- opportunistic sampling

A

the researcher uses prior knowledge to make sampling decisions.
e.g sampling a specific area they know a particular species lives

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12
Q

what are the three types of non random sampling

A

opportunistic
stratified
systematic

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13
Q

what is non random systematic sampling

A

when samples are placed in fixed intervals along a habitat

e.g belt transect or line transect

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14
Q

what is non random stratified sampling

A

dividing a habitat into areas which appear different and sampling them separately.

e.g. grass near water, grass on a hill.

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15
Q

what is the difference between random or non random sampling

A

Random sampling is chosen randomly is an unbiased representation of the total population.
Non-random sampling is where the sample selection is based on factors other than just random chance.

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16
Q

what are the advantages to the non random systematic sampling

A

useful when a habitat shows a clear gradient in environmental factors. For example, water getting drier further from the pond.

17
Q

what are the disadvantages of non random systematic sampling

A

can miss species outside of the belt leading to underestimation of biodiversity

18
Q

what are the advantages of non random stratified sampling

A

ensure all different areas of habitat are sampled and species aren’t underestimated- because random sampling may miss areas.

19
Q

what are the disadvantages of non random stratified sampling

A

may lead to over representation of some areas in the sample.

20
Q

what is the advantages and disadvantages of non random opportunistic sampling

A

Advantages- easier and quicker than random sampling

Disadvantages- data may be biased and cause overestimate, as bigger species can entice the researcher to include it in the study.

21
Q

what are disadvantages of random sampling

A

the person choosing could show bias towards or against certain areas
Individuals can purposefully place the quadrats in areas with the least species as these will be easier and quicker to count
This is unrepresentative of the whole area

22
Q

what is a keystone species

A

a species which helps hold the ecosystem together.

.other species rely on them
.they have a significant effect on the ecosystems (taken from mark scheme)

23
Q

what is a felled tree

A

a cut down tree

24
Q

how can increased habitat diversity cause increased species and genetic diversity

A

more habitats means
more species to live in new habitats. (species)
genetic diversity will rise as more habitats means more conditions in which the animals will live in (genetic)

25
Q

a line transect can be used with a string, what material will be better

A

a tape measure

26
Q

a line transect can be measured at variable intervals. How can this be improved

A

This can be improved by measuring at fixed intervals at 1m

27
Q

what is the equation for genetic diversity

A

number of polymorphic loci/ total number of loci X 100

biodiversity (6 decks)

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