biocompatibility and intermediate restorative materials

Question 1

does the material affect the environment or does the environment affect the material

Answer 1

both

Question 2

the material must be of benefit to the patient and the patient must be_____

Answer 2

safe from any adverse reactions

Question 3

where can the biological reaction take place

Answer 3

either at a local level (injection site) or far removed from the site of contact (systemically)

Question 4

systemically may not always be ____

Answer 4

readily apparent

Question 5

what are cases where systemically the reaction is not readily apparent

Answer 5

dermatological, immune mediated or neural reactions

Question 6

what is the most common reaction to dental staff

Answer 6

hand/facial dermatitis or respiratory symptoms

Question 7

what are the possible interactions between dental restorative material and the biological environment

Answer 7

-postoperative sensitivity
-toxicity
- corrosion
-hypersensitivity/allergy

Question 8

what is the concern about toxicity

Answer 8

nanomaterials. growing concern about their biosecurity and crossing the blood brain barrier and going into the CNS

Question 9

what can amalgam cause

Answer 9

type 4 allergic reaction 24-48 hours after exposure on the oral mucosa

Question 10

what are the most common allergies

Answer 10

metals- specifically nickel and cobalt

Question 11

what did denture resins show in study

Answer 11

mucosal changes, contact stomatitis and burning sensations in the mouth

Question 12

what can direct contact of mercury with the oral mucosa cause

Answer 12

oral lichenoid lesions (OLL)

Question 13

what is OLL

Answer 13

chronic inflammatory lesion on the oral mucosa

Question 14

what can amalgam tattoo cause

Answer 14

mucosal melanoma which is rare but highly aggressive neoplasm

Question 15

what is nickel’s incidence of allergic reaction

Answer 15

-one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis
-produces more allergic reactions than all other metals combined

Question 16

where is nickel seen in dentistry

Answer 16

-several brands of orthodontic wires are made with nickel titanium alloy
-non-precious metal crowns contain high levels of nickel- some as high as 55%

Question 17

where is titanium found

Answer 17

implants

Question 18

who is responsible for the materials to which a patient will be exposed

Answer 18

dental practitioners

Question 19

what is sargenti paste for root canals made with

Answer 19

paraformaldehyde

Question 20

what can paraformaldehyde cause and where does it travel in the body

Answer 20

irreversible damage to connective tissue, bones nerves, chronic infection and pain
- material can travel throughout the body through blood, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, kidney and brain

Question 21

what material has a positive effect on the pulp and what does it do

Answer 21

calcium hydroxide- stimulates tertiary dentin formation

Question 22

what are intermediate restorative materials

Answer 22

materials that are applied to the dentin prior to the placement of the final restoration since a restoration may have an adverse effect on the pulp

Question 23

what do intermediate restorative materials include

Answer 23

cavity varnishes, bases and liners that stay in place permanently

Question 24

are intermediate restorative materials and temporary restorative materials the same

Answer 24

no

Question 25

what is the role of intermediate restorative materials

Answer 25

-protective -palliative -or therapeutic

Question 26

what is the goal of intermediate restorative materials

Answer 26

protect the pulp from chemical, electrical, thermal

Question 27

what does zinc oxide eugenol do

Answer 27

sedative like qualities on hypersensitive pulp and is a good thermal insulator as well

Question 28

what are the benefits of intermediate restorative material

Answer 28

-thermal insulator - excellent abrasion resistance - good sealing properties - low solubility - may be used under cements and restorative materials that do not contain resin components such as amalgams, inlays, onlays

Question 29

should intermediate restorative materials discolor the tooth

Answer 29

no

Question 30

intermediate restorative materials should harden____

Answer 30

quick enough to allow subsequent insertion of the restoration

Question 31

intermediate restorative materials should withstand ______

Answer 31

the condensation of the over laying restoration

Question 32

intermediate restorative materials should be easily _____

Answer 32

manipulated

Question 33

what are liners and bases

Answer 33

materials placed between dentin and sometimes pulp and the restoration to provide pulpal protection or pulpal response

Question 34

what do protective needs for a restoration vary depending on

Answer 34

the extent and location of the preparation and the restorative material to be used

Question 35

the characterisics of the liner or base selected are determined largely by what

Answer 35

the purpose it is expected to serve

Question 36

because liners and bases share similar properties/objectives, they are not always____

Answer 36

fully distinguishable in all cases but generalizations can be made

Question 37

what are bases

Answer 37

thick mix of material which is placed in bulk. used as a dentin replacement to minimize final restorative mateiral

Question 38

what are bases used for

Answer 38

to block out undercuts

Question 39

when are liners applied

Answer 39

as a thin coating over exposed dentin

Question 40

how thick are liners and what do they promote

Answer 40

0.5mm thick and promote the health of the pulp by adhesion or antibacterial action

Question 41

what are liners used for

Answer 41

protect the pup

Question 42

what do liners form a strong bond with

Answer 42

dentin to prevent fluid movement down the dentinal tubules

Question 43

what do liners release

Answer 43

fluoride

Question 44

what is vitrebond

Answer 44

a liner/base - light cure resin modified glass ionomer

Question 45

when can vitrebond be used

Answer 45

under composite, amalgam, metal and ceramic restorations

Question 46

when is vitrebond not indicated

Answer 46

for direct pulp capping

Question 47

when is vitrebond used as a base

Answer 47

if you are placing it in greater than 0.5 mm

Question 48

how much is vitrebond placed

Answer 48

in 0.5 mm increments up to 2 mm

Question 49

is vitrebond used more as a base or liner

Answer 49

a liner

Question 50

what is calcium hydroxide and what is its pH

Answer 50

a liner with a pH of 11-12.5

Question 51

what is the bactericidal activity of calcium hydroxide

Answer 51

retains its anti bacterial properties for about 2 months

Question 52

what is calcium hydroxide used for

Answer 52

direct and indirect pulp capping

Question 53

what does calcium hydroxide promote

Answer 53

formation of tertiary dentin

Question 54

what is Dycal and how is it cured

Answer 54

calcium hydroxide liner - can be self curing or light cured

Question 55

what are varnishes

Answer 55

a natural gum (copal), rosin or synthetic resin dissolved in organic solvent

Question 56

what do varnishes do

Answer 56

has some antimicrobial and antiviral properties - easily seeps into open dental tubules -prevents transfer of heat and cold into the dentin and pulp

Question 57

what do we use instead of varnishes at UMKC

Answer 57

vitrebond

Question 58

when are varnishes not to be used and why

Answer 58

-under composite restorations because it interferes with the setting reaction -under glass ionomers because it interferes with fluoride release

Question 59

what is copalite and what is it used for

Answer 59

a varnish used as an insultating layer under gold and amalgam restorations

Question 60

what do you use in a shallow tooth prep

Answer 60

place nothing, vitrebond or varnish

Question 61

what do you use in a moderate depth prep

Answer 61

liners may be placed for thermal protection and pulpal medication along with varnish

Question 62

what do you use in a very deep prep

Answer 62

liner may be calcium hydroxide then the base vitrebond or IRM