BIOCHEMISTRY (THEORISTS) Week 1 Flashcards
- boyle law (1662)
- inverse relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.
Robert Boyle (1627- 1691)
-Father of modern chemistry
-Establish law of conservation of mass
-Named oxygen and hydrogen, showed how they combine to form water.
Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794)
- synthesized urea, challenging vitalism and suport the idea of organic arising from inorganic sources. (1828)
Friedrich Wohler
-proposed that plants are compose of cells
- cell is the basic unit of plant structure
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
-proposed animal are also composed of cells
Formulated first two tenet of cell theory with Schleiden.
Theodor Schwann (1839)
-introduced third tenet of cell theory “All cells come from pre existing cells” (omnis cellula e cellula)
- importance of cell divusion in the growth and development of organisms
Rudolf Virchow (1855)
Three fundamental tenets
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
- All cells come from pre- existing cells
-coined term “biochemistry” in 1903
- study of chemical processes in living organisms, understand enzymes and carbohydrate metabolism
Carl Neuberg
- discover of cell-free fermentation and;
- demostrated the existence of enzymes and challenged vitalistic views.
Eduard Buchner
-Identified components of RNA.
- Introduced term “nucleotide” and contributes to understanding of nucleic acids
Phoebus Levene (1919-1920s)
- Discovered insulin in 1921
- made a breakthrough in diabetes treatment.
Frederick Banting and John Macleod
-proposed the concept of “vitamines” (1910)
-particularly B-vitamins
Casimir Funk
- works on vitamic C and citric acid cycle
Albert Szent- Gyorgi
- elucidated the ctirc acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in 1937.
- inderstanding energy production in cells.
Hans Adolf Krebs
-Chargaffs rule-amount of cytosine
- provides crucial insights into DNA structure.
Erwin Chargaff
-pioneered of X-ray crystallography in 1930s
William Astbury
- nitrogen fixation
-ammonia
-significant implications for global food supply.
Fritz Haber
- carbon fixation process in photosynthesis.
- carbon dioxide by plants
Melvin Calvin
-demostrated that DNA carries genetic information (bacterial samples) in 1944
Oswald Avery
- developed groundbreaking techniques for DNA sequencing
- 1st identified insulin
- 1st and complete protein structure in 1958
Frederick Sanger
-discovered helix structure of DNA in 1953
James Watson and Francis Crick
-investigate the structure and function of ATP synthase.
Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker
-discovered the sodium potassium pump, a crucial component of cell membrane transport, in 1957
Jens C. Skou
- derermined three-dimensional structure of phtosynthetic reaction center
Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel, Johann Deisenhofer
-discovered reversible protein phosphorylation
Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs
- launched in 1990 and compleyed in 2003
- facilitate the identificatioj of genes associated with various diseases contribute to development of personalized medicine.
The Human Genome Project
-discovered in 2012
- a revolutionary gene editing technology
CRISPR-Cas9
-played pivotal roles in its development, leading to precise and efficient tools for modifying DNA. ( CRISPR-Cas9)
Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna
- individual fenetic makeup, allowing more personalized and effective healthcare
Precision Medicine
