BIOCHEMISTRY (BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE: CELL PARTS AND FUNCTIONS) Flashcards
Two types of cells
-prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
include bacteria and cyanobacteria
- Escherichia coli E. Coli
Prokaryotic cells
no Nucleus, has Cell wall
Prokaryotic cells
Include the protists, fungi, plants and animals including human.
Cells are larger in size
Eukaryotic cells
-All living things has this
- has organelles
- lipid bilayer composed of phospholipids and cholesterol
- outer boundary of cell- controls entry and exit of substances
Plasma Membrane
-conterol center of the cell: DNA
- largest organelle
- eukaryotic cells
-membrane bound organelle
Nucleus
-serves as site of protein synthesis
-some are attached to RER and distribted to cytoplasm
- all living things has this
Ribosome
-membane bound organlle
- with attached ribosomes
- synthesizes proteins and transports them to Golgi apparatus
RER- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- membrane bound cell organelle
-storage for plant cell
Vacuole
- plant organelle cell that convert light into energy relatively stable chemical energy
-MBO
Chloroplast
-not presented in human cell
-bone of the cell
Cytoskeleton
-MBO
- for protein, liver
-manufactures lipids and carbs; detoxifies harmful chemicals and stores calcium
Smooth E.R
- MBO
- flattened membrane sacs
- modifies, packagesx and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use
Golgi apparatus
- MBO
- suicide bag- has degrsding organelles
- contains difestive enzymes
Lysosome
- membrane-bound vesicle
- toxifies hydrogrn peroxide
Peroxisome
-tubelike protein complexes in the cytoplasm
- breaks down protein in cytoplasm
Proteasomes
Site of cellular respiration
ATP synthesis
Mitochondria
- only present in animal cell
- assist cell division
Centrioles
Wash away substances
Cilia
- made in microtubule
- in human, sperm cell
Flagellum
-absorption in small intestine
- increased surface area of plasma membrane for absorption and secretion
MIcrovilli
Characteristics functions of cell
- Cell metabolism and energy use
- Synthesis of molecules
- Communication
- Reproduction and inheritance
Outermost component of cell
Plasma membrane
The predominat lipids of the plasma membrane are phospholipids and cholesterol.
Membrane lipids
Readily assemble to form a lipid bayer, double layer of phospholipids molecules
Phospholipids
Functions as a market molecules, attachment proteins, transport proteins, receptor proteins or enzymes
Membrane proteins
Primary source of cell
ATP
Fluid/ water
Osmosis
