Biochemistry Review

Question 1

What is the pH for physiological acidosis?

Answer 1

pH < 7.37

Question 2

What is the pH for physiological alkalosis?

Answer 2

ph > 7.43

Question 3

What are some examples of acid/base disorders?

Answer 3

• Respiratory Acidosis: COPD/Airway Obstruction
• Metabolic Acidosis: Diabetes Mellitus/Lactic Acidosis
• Respiratory Alkalosis: Salicylate Poisoning (Aspirin)/Hyperventilation
• Metabolic Alkalosis: Vomiting

Question 4

What is considered normal physiological HCO3- ?

Answer 4

24 mEq/L

Question 5

What is considered normal physiological PCO2?

Answer 5

40 mmHg

Question 6

What is the pka of aspartic/glutamic acid?

Answer 6

pka = 4.1

Question 7

What is the pka of Histidine?

Answer 7

pka = 6.0

Question 8

What is the pka of Lysine?

Answer 8

pka = 10.8

Question 9

What is the pka of Arginine?

Answer 9

pka = 12.5

Question 10

What are the AA that have ionizable R groups?

Answer 10

CRY KHED

C = Cysteine
R = Arginine
Y = Tyrosine
K = Lysine
H = Histidine
E = Aspartate
D = Glutamate

Question 11

What is the pka of a carbon group?

Answer 11

pka = 2.3

Question 12

What is the pka of an amino group?

Answer 12

pka = 9.5

Question 13

Explain the log values of 1 to 1000.

Answer 13

Log 1 = 0
Log 10 = 1
Log 100 = 2
Log 1000 = 3

Question 14

Explain the antilogs of 1 to 3.

Answer 14

Antilog 1 = 10
Antilog 2 = 100
Antilog 3 = 1000

Question 15

Explain the antilogs of -1 to -3.

Answer 15

Antilog -1 = 1/10
Antilog -2 = 1/100
Antilog -3 = 1/1000

Question 16

What inhibits cyclooxygenase activity by acetylating Serine530, which blocks access of arachidonate of to active site of the enzyme.

Answer 16

Aspirin

Question 17

What inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which has an active site in cysteine residues? What results from this inhibition?

Answer 17

• Disulfiram

- Results in an accumulation of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood.

Question 18

What are two suicide inhibitors?

Answer 18

• Allopurinol (Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor - Uric Acid)

- 5 - Flurouracil (Thymidylate Synthetase Inhibitor - Anticancer Drug)

Question 19

When the inhibitor binds to the active site, the inhibitor becomes modified by enzyme to produce a reactive group. That new group irreversibly forms a stable inhibitor-enzyme complex.

Answer 19

Suicide Inhibitors (Irreversible)

Question 20

When chemical compounds have a resembling structure to the substrate’s transition state in an enzyme catalyzed reaction.

Answer 20

Transition State Analogues (Irreversible)

Question 21

What is an example of a transition state analogue?

Answer 21

Penicillin - beta lactamase inhibitor

Question 22

At what concentration is someone considered to have elevated lactic acid?

Answer 22

> 5 mM

Question 23

What are some inhibitors of Complex 1?

Answer 23

• Rotenone
• Barbiturates
• Piercidin - A
• MPTP
• Metformin

Question 24

What are some inhibitors of Complex 2?

Answer 24

• Carboxin

- TTFA

Question 25

What are some inhibitors of Complex III?

Answer 25

• Antimycin A

- BAL

Question 26

What are some inhibitors of Complex IV?

Answer 26

• Cyanide

- Carbon Monoxide

Question 27

This drug potentiates GABA mediated inhibitory effects (increases the duration of Cl- channel openings). It is commonly used to treat epilepsy.

Answer 27

Barbituates