Biochemistry of the Cell

Question 1

percentage of water in bones

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

percentage of water in brain cells

Answer 2

85%

Question 3

water content is greatest in?

Answer 3

young cells

Question 4

It forms H bonds with each other

Answer 4

H2O

Question 5

Five properties of water

Answer 5

cohesion & adhesion
good solvent
lower density as a solid
high specific heat
high heat of vaporization

Question 6

H bonding between H2O molecules
 water is “sticky”
 surface tension
 drinking straw

Answer 6

Cohesion

Question 7

H bonding between H2O & other substances
 capillary action
 Meniscus
 water climbs up paper towel or cloth

Answer 7

Adhesion

Question 8

It makes H2O a good solvent

Answer 8

Polarity

Question 9

During this season, only upper few inches would thaw

Answer 9

Summer

Question 10

Resists changes in temperature

Answer 10

H2O

Question 11

 Takes a lot to heat it up
 Takes a lot to cool it down
 H2O moderates temperatures on Earth

Answer 11

Specific heat

Question 12

active ingredient in the most widely used insect repellants, effective against mosquitoes, fleas and ticks

Answer 12

DEET

Question 13

a very very large molecule

Answer 13

macromolecules

Question 14

Four classes of biological macromolecules:

Answer 14

❑Proteins
❑ Lipids
❑Carbohydrates
❑Nucleic Acid

Question 15

Contain carbon and hydrogen

Answer 15

Hydrocarbon

Question 16

Monomer of Lipids

Answer 16

Fatty acids

Question 17

Monomer of Nucleic acid

Answer 17

Nucleotides

Question 18

Monomer of Carbohydrates

Answer 18

Monosaccharides

Question 19

Monomer of Protein

Answer 19

Amino acid

Question 20

Main source of energy of the body

Answer 20

Simple Carbohydrates

Question 21

Long term storage for energy

Answer 21

Complex carbohydrates

Question 22

made up of glucose polymers

Answer 22

Polysaccharides

Question 23

Polysaccharide comprising glucose monomers

Answer 23

Starch

Question 24

❑ also a glucose polymer
❑Offers plant support
❑Energy storage
❑Makes up the cell wall
❑Food source for seeds and plant bulbs

Answer 24

Cellulose

Question 25

❑A branched polymer made up of numerous glucose monomers. ❑Long-term energy storage found in the liver ❑Quickly broken down into glucose for immediate energy

Answer 25

Glycogen

Question 26

broken down for energy

Answer 26

stored energy

Question 27

the internal organs for protection

Answer 27

Cushion

Question 28

made up of fatty acid monomers

Answer 28

Fat

Question 29

Glycerol group with 3 fatty acid chains

Answer 29

Triglycerides

Question 30

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Answer 30

Carbohydrates

Question 31

Mostly Carbon, Hydrogen, and some Oxygen

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

made up of mostly Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (some sulfur)

Answer 32

Proteins

Question 33

Proteins that are involved in creating PROTEINS

Answer 33

Ribosomes

Question 34

sequence of a chain of amino acids

Answer 34

primary protein structure

Question 35

hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern

Answer 35

Secondary protein structure

Question 36

Three dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions.

Answer 36

Tertiary Protein Structure

Question 37

Protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain.

Answer 37

Quaternary Protein Structure

Question 38

❑ Chemical signaler protein produced in the pancreas ❑ Causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from blood and convert it to glycogen that can be stored in the liver and muscles

Answer 38

Insulin

Question 39

a condition when a person has high blood glucose (blood sugar),

Answer 39

Diabetes

Question 40

Proteins in red blood cells that carries oxygen

Answer 40

Hemoglobin

Question 41

part of immune system

Answer 41

Antibodies

Question 42

❑ Speed up rate of chemical reactions ( a catalyst)by lowering the energy needed to begin the reaction. ❑ Re-usable; molecule specific (Lock and Key Model).

Answer 42

Enzymes

Question 43

Information molecule

Answer 43

DNA

Question 44

thousands of shorter segments of DNA

Answer 44

genes

Question 45

three nucleotide subsegments

Answer 45

codons

Question 46

universal information storage molecule for all forms of life

Answer 46

DNA

Question 47

sugar in all four nucleotides, cyclical molecule

Answer 47

Deoxyribose

Question 48

This creates consistency in the nucleotide sequences of the two DNA polymers that join together to make a chromosome

Answer 48

Complementary base pairing

Question 49

❑functions in cellular protein synthesis ❑replaces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as a carrier of genetic codes in some viruses

Answer 49

Ribonucleic acid

Question 50

carries DNA message to ribosomes

Answer 50

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 51

transfer amino acids to ribosomes

Answer 51

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 52

makes up ribosome-protein factories of the cell

Answer 52

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 53

Phosphorus atom with four oxygen atoms bonded to it

Answer 53

Phosphate group

Question 54

low hemoglobin levels are associated with:

Answer 54

kidney disease, liver disease and anema

Question 55

high hemoglobin levels are associated with:

Answer 55

Chronic lung disease, dehydration, and heart failure