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Chemistry Ni Ma'am R > Biochemistry of the Cell > Flashcards

Biochemistry of the Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

percentage of water in bones

A

20%

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2
Q

percentage of water in brain cells

A

85%

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3
Q

water content is greatest in?

A

young cells

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4
Q

It forms H bonds with each other

A

H2O

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5
Q

Five properties of water

A

cohesion & adhesion
good solvent
lower density as a solid
high specific heat
high heat of vaporization

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6
Q

H bonding between H2O molecules
 water is “sticky”
 surface tension
 drinking straw

A

Cohesion

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7
Q

H bonding between H2O & other substances
 capillary action
 Meniscus
 water climbs up paper towel or cloth

A

Adhesion

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8
Q

It makes H2O a good solvent

A

Polarity

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9
Q

During this season, only upper few inches would thaw

A

Summer

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10
Q

Resists changes in temperature

A

H2O

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11
Q

 Takes a lot to heat it up
 Takes a lot to cool it down
 H2O moderates temperatures on Earth

A

Specific heat

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12
Q

active ingredient in the most widely used insect repellants, effective against mosquitoes, fleas and ticks

A

DEET

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13
Q

a very very large molecule

A

macromolecules

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14
Q

Four classes of biological macromolecules:

A

❑Proteins
❑ Lipids
❑Carbohydrates
❑Nucleic Acid

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15
Q

Contain carbon and hydrogen

A

Hydrocarbon

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16
Q

Monomer of Lipids

A

Fatty acids

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17
Q

Monomer of Nucleic acid

A

Nucleotides

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18
Q

Monomer of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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19
Q

Monomer of Protein

A

Amino acid

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20
Q

Main source of energy of the body

A

Simple Carbohydrates

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21
Q

Long term storage for energy

A

Complex carbohydrates

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22
Q

made up of glucose polymers

A

Polysaccharides

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23
Q

Polysaccharide comprising glucose monomers

A

Starch

24
Q

❑ also a glucose polymer
❑Offers plant support
❑Energy storage
❑Makes up the cell wall
❑Food source for seeds and plant bulbs

A

Cellulose

25
Q

❑A branched polymer made up of numerous
glucose monomers.
❑Long-term energy storage found in the liver
❑Quickly broken down into glucose for
immediate energy

A

Glycogen

26
Q

broken down for energy

A

stored energy

27
Q

the internal organs for protection

A

Cushion

28
Q

made up of fatty acid monomers

A

Fat

29
Q

Glycerol group with 3 fatty acid chains

A

Triglycerides

30
Q

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

A

Carbohydrates

31
Q

Mostly Carbon, Hydrogen, and some Oxygen

A

Lipids

32
Q

made up of mostly Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (some sulfur)

A

Proteins

33
Q

Proteins that are involved in creating PROTEINS

A

Ribosomes

34
Q

sequence of a chain of amino acids

A

primary protein structure

35
Q

hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern

A

Secondary protein structure

36
Q

Three dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions.

A

Tertiary Protein Structure

37
Q

Protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain.

A

Quaternary Protein Structure

38
Q

❑ Chemical signaler protein produced in the
pancreas
❑ Causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from blood and convert it to glycogen that can be stored in the liver and muscles

A

Insulin

39
Q

a condition when a person has high
blood glucose (blood sugar),

A

Diabetes

40
Q

Proteins in red blood cells that carries oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

41
Q

part of immune system

A

Antibodies

42
Q

❑ Speed up rate of chemical reactions ( a catalyst)by lowering the energy needed to begin the reaction.
❑ Re-usable; molecule specific (Lock and Key Model).

A

Enzymes

43
Q

Information molecule

A

DNA

44
Q

thousands of shorter segments of DNA

A

genes

45
Q

three nucleotide subsegments

A

codons

46
Q

universal information storage molecule for all forms of life

A

DNA

47
Q

sugar in all four nucleotides, cyclical molecule

A

Deoxyribose

48
Q

This creates consistency in the nucleotide sequences of the two DNA polymers that join together to make a chromosome

A

Complementary base pairing

49
Q

❑functions in cellular protein synthesis
❑replaces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as a carrier of genetic codes in some viruses

A

Ribonucleic acid

50
Q

carries DNA message to ribosomes

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

51
Q

transfer amino acids to ribosomes

A

transfer RNA (tRNA)

52
Q

makes up ribosome-protein factories of the cell

A

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

53
Q

Phosphorus atom with four oxygen atoms bonded to it

A

Phosphate group

54
Q

low hemoglobin levels are associated with:

A

kidney disease, liver disease and anema

55
Q

high hemoglobin levels are associated with:

A

Chronic lung disease, dehydration, and heart failure

Chemistry Ni Ma'am R (4 decks)

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