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Chemistry Sem 2 test 2 > Biochemistry - Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Biochemistry - Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

What are Nucleic acids?

A

Molecules for storing cell information and determining inherited characteristics in organisms.

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2
Q

What does the structure of a nucleotide encode?

A

Information needed to synthesise all proteins in organisms.

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3
Q

What are polynucleotides?

A

Polymer chains made from repeating nucleotide units.

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4
Q

Structure of a nucleotide?

A

Consists of a phosphate group attached to a nucleotide.

Also consists of a nitrogenous organic base attached to a sugar residue.

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5
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acid?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Ribonucleic acid

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6
Q

What is the different residue between ribonucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids?

A

DNA has deoxyribose

RNA has ribose.

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7
Q

What is DNA’s 4 different nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine.

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8
Q

What replaces thymine in RNA?

A

Uracil.

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9
Q

What are pyramidines? With examples?

A

Single nitrogen containing ring structure - Cytosine, thymine uracil.

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10
Q

What are purines? With examples?

A

Two fused nitrogen containing ring structure - Adenine, guanine.

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11
Q

What’s the DNA structure?

A

Two polynucleotide chains twisted into a double helix.

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12
Q

What is the DNA backbone?

A

Nucleic acids have a backbone of alternating phosphate and sugar groups from which nitrogenous bases protect.

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13
Q

What makes a nucleoside?

A

Nitrogenous base + sugar

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14
Q

What makes a nucleotide?

A

Nucleoside and phosphate.

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15
Q

Why does A bind to T and C bind to G? What is the term for the reason?

A

Due to shapes and partial charges on molecules.

This restriction is called complimentary base pairing.

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16
Q

What’s the structure of DNA?

A

2 strands of a polynucleotide chain held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases. Result in a double helix.

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17
Q

How is hereditary information passed onto the next generation?

A

DNA makes exact copies of itself.

18
Q

When are copies of DNA made?

A

During cell division.

19
Q

What’s the genome?

A

Genetic code of an organism.

20
Q

Where is genetic info stored?

A

Stored in DNA as base pairs.

21
Q

Where is DNA packaged?

A

In chromosomes.

22
Q

Where are chromosomes?

A

In nucleus of each cell.

23
Q

True or false? Sections of genetic code are switched on or off depending on the type and function of the cells?

A

True.

24
Q

How does complimentary base pairing allow replication to take place?

A

Double helix of DNA unzips, revealing unpaired bases.

Free nucleotides in the cell then pair with these bases forming an identical to the original.

25
Q

What are nitrogenous bases joined by?

A

Hydrogen bonds.

26
Q

Define RNA.

A

Single stranded molecule that is formed from transcription of DNA.

27
Q

What’s the difference between nucleotides in DNA replication and transcription?

A

replication - Deoxyribonucleotides involved.

transcription - Ribonucleotides involved.

28
Q

Where does the messanger RNA go and to do what?

A

Messanger RNA moves out of the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome.

29
Q

When are proteins assembled?

A

During translation.

30
Q

What is RNA’s code deciphered into? By what?

A

Peptide chain (proteins primary structure). By tRNA molecules,

31
Q

What is the basic structure of a protein?

A

Amino acid chain linked by peptide bonds.

32
Q

How many naturally occurring amino acids?

A

Around 20 naturally occurring amino acids.

33
Q

What is an amino acid codon?

A

A three base sequence.

34
Q

How many triplet codes can be made from 4 bases?

A

64 triplet codes. (Just 4 to the power of 3)

35
Q

True or false? Amino acids can’t be encoded for by more then one triplet codon.

A

False. They can and this is why we call genetic code the term ‘degenerate’.

36
Q

WOOOHOOO?!!!!!??!!!”

A

YEEAAHH BAAAABBYYY!!!!

37
Q

How many codons act as stop signals for protein - synthesis?

A

3

38
Q

Protein synthesis = translation

Codon = triplet codon.

A

They’re the same thing.

39
Q

What is the process of protein synthesis?

A
  1. One end of mRNA attaches to a ribososme
  2. Ribosome moves along mRNA three bases at a time.
  3. tRNA binds to free amino acids in the cytoplasm.
  4. tRNA molecules each carry a specific amino acid.
  5. They also have their own triplet code which bonds to the corresponding triplet code.
  6. mRNA determines the order of the amino acids.
40
Q

Timothy! Fetch me my wine!!

A

Suck on the testicles I shall present shortly old boy!!

41
Q

Free blue!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

A

BLUE!

Chemistry Sem 2 test 2 (3 decks)

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