Biochemistry - Lipids and Carbs

Question 1

What are the types of molecules found in organisms?

Answer 1

Lipids, carbs, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

Features of lipids?

Answer 2

Insoluble in water

Soluble in non-polar organic solvents

Question 3

What are the two types of lipids?

Answer 3

acylglycerols and phospholipids

Question 4

Uses for acyglycerols?

Answer 4

Food stores and waterproofing wax.

Question 5

What are acyglycerols chemically?

Answer 5

they are esters formed from long-chain carboxylic acids and the alcohol glycerol.

Question 6

What can we call acyglycerol’s carboxylic acids?

Answer 6

The long carboxylic acids are often referred to as fatty acids.

Question 7

True or false? Esterification can occur at any one or all of the hydroxyl groups?.

Answer 7

True, it produces mono, di and triglycerols.

Question 8

What are triglycerols?

Answer 8

Long chain fatty acids attach to all three hydroxyl groups.

Question 9

Out of animal and plant lipids, which are saturated and unsaturated?

Answer 9

Saturated - animal lipids

Unsaturated - Plant lipids.

Question 10

True or false? A polyunsaturated fatty acid contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond.

Answer 10

Troo.

Question 11

What is cholesterol?

Answer 11

Four alicyclic hydrocarbon rings fused together.

Question 12

Where is cholesterol manufactured?

Answer 12

The liver.

Question 13

What does the body convert cholesterol into?

Answer 13

The body converts it to bile acids and hormones (testosterone, oestrogen and progesterone)

Question 14

Two facts to do with phospholipids?

Answer 14

• Two of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol are esterified by fatty acids, the third is esterified by phosphoric acids.
• The phosphate group is frequently bound to a nitrogen-containing group.

Question 15

Regions of the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 15

• Polar hydrophilic phosphate group.

- Hydrophobic fatty acid chains.

Question 16

How do phospholipids arrange themselves in water?

Answer 16

• In aqueous environments phospholipids arrange themselves as a double layer called a bilayer.
• The hydrophobic ends point inwards away from the water phase.

Question 17

What is the fluid mosaic?

Answer 17

• Plasma membranes in cells are phospholipid bilayers.
• Proteins and other molecules float in the bilayer.
• This forms a fluid mosaic.
• The extremely flexible structure houses all of the molecules responsible for the complex functions of the membrane.

Question 18

What are acyglycerols?

Answer 18

Fats, oils and waxes consisting of glycerol esterified with fatty acids.

Question 19

What are phospholipids?

Answer 19

Phospholipids are diacylglycerols with a phosphate group attached to the third hydroxyl group of the glycerol molecule.

Question 20

What classifies monosaccharides?

Answer 20

They are not hydrolysed by hydrochloric acid.

Question 21

What can monosaccharides link together to form?

Answer 21

Disaccharides.

Question 22

What’s the molecular formula for glucose and fructose?

Answer 22

C6H12O6

Question 23

Both glucose and fructose are 6 carbons long so are called hexones.

Answer 23

Yeah.

Question 24

Different names for different monosaccharides with different carbon numbers?

Answer 24

Three carbons are called trioses,
four are tetroses,
five are pentoses

Question 25

Why do monosaccharides dissolve easily in water?

Answer 25

Due to the presence of a large number of polar hydroxyl groups – which hydrogen bond with water molecules.

Question 26

How are disaccharides formed and examples?

Answer 26

• Formed by two monosaccharides joining together through a condensation reaction.
• Lactose and sucrose

Question 27

What link joins monosaccharides together? And how is the link made?

Answer 27

• Glycosidic link/bond.

- This link is made by the reaction between the carbonyl group of one group and the hydroxyl group of another.

Question 28

The carbons on each monosaccharide off of which the bond it formed between are the carbons forming the glycosidic link.

Answer 28

True stuff.