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GENETICS > BIOCHEMISTRY - MOLECULAR > Flashcards

BIOCHEMISTRY - MOLECULAR Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA + Histone = ?

A

Nucleosome

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2
Q

Positive charge of Histone (in nucleosome) is due to?

A

Lysine and Arginine

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3
Q

Negative charge of DNA (in nuclosome) is due to?

A

Phosphate ions

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4
Q

Transcriptionally inactive DNA (condensed, dark on EM)

A

Heterochromatin

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5
Q

Transcriptionally active DNA (less condensed, light on EM)

A

Euchromatin

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6
Q

This process discourages transcription

A

DNA/Histone methylation (addition of methyl group)

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7
Q

This process encourages transcription

A

Histone acetylation (addition of acetyl group)

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8
Q

Nucleoside composition

A

Base + (deoxy)ribose sugar

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9
Q

Nucleotide composition

A

Base +(deoxy)ribose sugar + phosphate

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10
Q

Purines include

A

Adenine

Guanine

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11
Q

Pyrimidines include

A

Thymine
Cytosine
Uracil (RNA)

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12
Q

Uracil + Methyl = ?

A

Thymine

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13
Q

Purine has __ bond

Pyrimidine has __ bond

A

1) double

2) triple

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14
Q

Enzymes involved in Pyrimidine synthesis

A 
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II
Ribonucleotide reductase
DHF reductase
Thymidylate synthase
Dihydro-orate reductase
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15
Q

Enzymes involved in Purine synthesis

A

PRPP synthetase
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase
Ribonucleotide reductase

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16
Q

Drugs that inhibit nucleotide synthesis

A

Anti-neoplastic drugs
Antibiotics
Immunosuppressants

17
Q

Which drug inhibits dihydro-orate reductase?

A

Leflunomide

18
Q

Which drug inhibits dihydrofolate reductase?

A

Methotrexate
Trimethoprim
Pyrimethamine

19
Q

Which drug inhibits thymidylate synthase?

A

5 - Fluorouracil

20
Q

Which drug inhibits de novo purine synthesis?

A

6 - mercaptopurine

21
Q

Which drug inhibits inosine monophosphate reductase?

A

Mycophenolate

Ribavarin

22
Q

Which drug inhibits ribonucleotide reductase?

A

Hydroxyurea

23
Q

ADA deficiency has what kind of inheritance?

A

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE

24
Q

Lesch Nyhan syndrome has what kind of inheritance?

A

X LINKED RECESSIVE

25
Q

What accumulates in ADA deficiency?

A

Adenosine

26
Q

ADA deficiency is one of the major causes of _____

A

SCID

27
Q

What is absent in Lesch Nyhan syndrome?

A

HGPRT - Hypoxanthine Guanine PhosphoRibosyl Transferase

28
Q

What accumulates in Lesch Nyhan syndrome?

A

Uric acid

29
Q 
Hyperurecemia
GOUT
Agression
Self mutilation
Intellectual disability
Dystonia
Orange sand urine (in diaper) seen in?
A

LESCH NYHAN SYNDROME

30
Q

Site of origin of replication

A

AT rich sequences

31
Q

Which enzyme unwinds DNA?

A

Helicase

32
Q

Removes super-coil

A

DNA topoisomerase

33
Q

Which makes RNA primers - or replication?

A

Primase

34
Q

Which enzyme elongates lagging strand until it reaches primer of preceding fragment?

A

DNA polymerase III

35
Q

Which enzyme degrades RNA primer and replaces with DNA?

A

DNA polymerase I

36
Q

Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?

A

DNA ligase

37
Q

Which enzyme adds telomere (TTAGGG) to 3’ ends of chromosomes to avoid loss of genetic material with every duplication?

A

Telomerase

38
Q

Which enzyme when deficient in cancer cells result in unlimited replication?

A

Telomerase

39
Q

Severity of mutation

A

Silent &laquo_space;missense &laquo_space;nonsense &laquo_space;frameshift

GENETICS (4 decks)

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