Biochemistry Chapter 3 AA, peptides and proteins.

Question 1

What are some functions of proteins?

Answer 1

•Mediate every process in a cell.

i. Enzymes
ii. Hormones
iii. Antibodies
iv. Transports
v. Muscle fibers
vi. Lens of the eye
vii. Buffers.

Question 2

Which AA does not have a chiral center?

Answer 2

•All amino acids, except GLYCINE have chiral Centers.

Question 3

define Nonpolar

Answer 3

does not like polar compounds

Question 4

define Aliphatic

Answer 4

Contains a hydrocarbon

Question 5

does not like polar compounds

Answer 5

Nonpolar

Question 6

Contains a hydrocarbon

Answer 6

Aliphatic

Question 7

D amino Acids

Answer 7

CORN Counterclockwise

Fit in taste butts

Question 8

L Amino acids

Answer 8

CORN Clockwise
Found in nature
Can’t fit into taste buds

Question 9

Which AA are metabolized in muscle?

Answer 9

Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine

Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagine (GAA)

Question 10

Important for muscle synthesis.

Answer 10

Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine

Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagine (GAA)

Question 11

Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine

Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagine (GAA)

Answer 11

metabolized in muscle

Question 12

Leucine

Answer 12

Essential non polar (branch Chain)

metabolized into cholesterol

Question 13

metabolized in muscle

Answer 13

Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine

Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagine (GAA)

Question 14

Isoleucine

Answer 14

structural isomer of leucine

Question 15

structural isomer of leucine

Answer 15

Isoleucine

Question 16

Where are the remaining AA metabolized at?

Answer 16

Liver

Question 17

• Genetic deficiency on enzyme- required to metabolize branched chain amino acids (Valine Leucine, Isoleucine)—L.I.V

Answer 17

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Question 18

Symptoms Urine with color, odor and viscosity of maple syrup

Answer 18

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Question 19

If untreated, it can cause brain damage and death

Answer 19

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Question 20

Treatment: AVOID high protein food for life.

Answer 20

Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Question 21

•Its an autoimmune condition- IgA related

Answer 21

Celiac Disease

Question 22

•Genetic Susceptibility – exposure to gluten -> Environmental triggers - Autoimmune response.

Answer 22

Celiac Disease

Question 23

Genetic disorder that lacks Enzyme necessary to metabolize phenylalanine.

Answer 23

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 24

Causes brain damage

Answer 24

D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 25

Phenylalanine Found in NutraSweet and anything with protein.

Answer 25

D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 26

Treatment: Avoid phenylalanine in diet (low protein)

Answer 26

D. Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 27

Genetic mutation that occurred over time to protect population from malaria but is Very Painful.

Answer 27

Sickle cell Anemia

Question 28

• Valine (nonpolar) replaces glutamate (polar) in hemoglobin o Causing it to fold incorrectly.

Answer 28

Sickle cell Anemia

Question 29

Sickle cell Anemia

Answer 29

Globular proteins--> Highly folded  Defected in Folding-Accumulate leading to sickle cell anemia. (Where its folded incorrectly but the body accumulates it there a reason for it.)

Question 30

used to make glucose, if necessary (product= Pyruvate)

Answer 30

Glucogenic

Question 31

turned into Krebs cycle intermediate ketone bodies to fatty acids, if in excess (product= acetyl CoA)

Answer 31

Ketogenic

Question 32

Glucogenic

Answer 32

used to make glucose, if necessary (product= Pyruvate)

Question 33

Ketogenic

Answer 33

turned into Krebs cycle intermediate ketone bodies to fatty acids, if in excess (product= acetyl CoA)

Question 34

Uncommon Amino Acids (found in collagen)

Answer 34

Hydroxyproline | Hydroxylysine

Question 35

Uncommon Amino Acids (part of myosin)

Answer 35

Methyllysine

Question 36

Uncommon Amino Acids (part of elastin)

Answer 36

Desmosine

Question 37

Hydroxyproline | Hydroxylysine

Answer 37

Uncommon Amino Acids (found in collagen)

Question 38

Methyllysine

Answer 38

Uncommon Amino Acids (part of myosin)

Question 39

Desmosome

Answer 39

Uncommon Amino Acids (part of elastin)

Question 40

Found in proteins that stimulate clotting and bone synthesis.

Answer 40

Carboxyglutamate

Question 41

o A glutamate A.A with extra carboxylic acid.

Answer 41

Carboxyglutamate

Question 42

Special A.A derivative that uses selenium instead of sulfur

Answer 42

Selenocysteine

Question 43

Essential AA (branch chains)

Answer 43

Valine Isoleucine Leucine

Question 44

Essential AA (base )

Answer 44

Histidine | Lysine

Question 45

Presucurser for Histidine

Answer 45

Histamine

Question 46

Presucurser for Lysine

Answer 46

Collagen

Question 47

Presucurser for Leucine

Answer 47

Cholesterol

Question 48

Presucurser for Methionine

Answer 48

SAMe

Question 49

Essential AA (all of them)

Answer 49

``` Phenylalanine Valine Methionine Threonine Histidine Histamine Isoleucine Lysine  Leucine ```

Question 50

derivates of Methionine

Answer 50

SAMe, sulfur containing precursor for S-adenosyl methionine ( needed for myelination)

Question 51

derivates Proline

Answer 51

Collagen, Disrupts -α- helix and β-helix pleated sheet (secondary Structure) (Collagen loves it)

Question 52

derivates Tyrosine

Answer 52

Thyroid hormones, melanin and catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine); Cell signaling.

Question 53

derivates Serine

Answer 53

H-bonding

Question 54

H-bonding

Answer 54

Serine

Question 55

derivates Glutamic acids

Answer 55

GABA

Question 56

GABA

Answer 56

Glutamic acids

Question 57

derivates • Glutamine

Answer 57

Main N carrier

Question 58

Derivates • Cysteine

Answer 58

Disulfide

Question 59

Derivates • Tryptophan

Answer 59

melatonin, serotonin and niacin.

Question 60

melatonin, serotonin and niacin.

Answer 60

Tryptophan

Question 61

Main N carrier

Answer 61

Glutamine

Question 62

Disulfide

Answer 62

Cysteine

Question 63

Amphoteric

Answer 63

All have at least 2 charges at physiologic pH 

Question 64

pH ↓ [H] ↑= AA can act as Bases

Answer 64

Proton acceptor

Question 65

pH ↑ [H] ↓= AA can act as Acids

Answer 65

Proton Donor

Question 66

Proton acceptor

Answer 66

pH ↓ [H] ↑= AA can act as Bases

Question 67

Proton Donor

Answer 67

pH ↑ [H] ↓= AA can act as Acids

Question 68

pH below pK

Answer 68

H is still attached-Pronated

Question 69

pH above pK

Answer 69

H is lost deprotonated

Question 70

Pronated

Answer 70

H is still attached | pH below pK

Question 71

deprotonated

Answer 71

H is lost | pH above pK

Question 72

pK1:

Answer 72

: removal of H from carboxyl group

Question 73

pK2:

Answer 73

: removal of H from amino group

Question 74

pKR:

Answer 74

Removal of H from R group

Question 75

: removal of H from carboxyl group

Answer 75

pK1:

Question 76

: removal of H from amino group

Answer 76

pK2:

Question 77

Removal of H from R group

Answer 77

pKR:

Question 78

What is a zwitterion is it good buffer at this point ?

Answer 78

The point where an amino acids or protein is neutral It not a good buffer at this point.

Question 79

The point where an amino acids or protein is neutral

Answer 79

zwitterion

Question 80

What does protonated

Answer 80

Pronated: H is attached

Question 81

What does deprotonated mean?

Answer 81

Depronated: H is not attached.

Question 82

How are peptide bonds formed?

Answer 82

• Dehydration run between N- terminal and of one AA and the C terminal of another AA

Question 83

Chains of amino Acids

Answer 83

Peptides

Question 84

Chains of amino Acids molecular weight>10,000

Answer 84

Proteins

Question 85

Contains peptide bond formed by dehydration

Answer 85

Peptides

Question 86

Contains peptide bonds

Answer 86

Proteins

Question 87

Many amino acids is called polypeptide.

Answer 87

Peptides

Question 88

Name the prosthetic group of lipoprotein, and give me an example?

Answer 88

Lipids | Example :VLDL

Question 89

Name the prosthetic group of Glycoprotein,and give me an example?

Answer 89

Carbohydrates | example: Immunoglobulin G

Question 90

Name the prosthetic group Phosphoproteins, and give me an example?

Answer 90

Phosphates example : Casein in milk

Question 91

Name the prosthetic group Hemeproteins , and give me an example ?

Answer 91

Heme (protoporphyrin) | example: Hemoglobin

Question 92

Name the prosthetic group Metalloproteins, and give me an example ?

Answer 92

Iron, zinc, calcium | Example : Ferritin, alcohol dehydration calmodulin.