Biochemistry - Carbohydrates

Question 1

The simplest type of carbohydrate.

Answer 1

Monosaccharide

Question 2

The general formula for monosaccharides.

Answer 2

Cn(H₂O)n

Question 3

The process by which plants produce carbohydrates.

Answer 3

Photosynthesis

Question 4

The major function of carbohydrates in the body.

Answer 4

Energy source

Question 5

The storage form of glucose in animals.

Answer 5

Glycogen

Question 6

The polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants.

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

The most abundant monosaccharide in nature.

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

The carbohydrate commonly known as table sugar.

Answer 8

Sucrose

Question 9

The disaccharide found in milk.

Answer 9

Lactose

Question 10

The polysaccharide that serves as energy storage in plants.

Answer 10

Starch

Question 11

The sweetest naturally occurring sugar.

Answer 11

Fructose

Question 12

The structural polysaccharide found in fungi and arthropods.

Answer 12

Chitin

Question 13

The test used to determine the presence of reducing sugars.

Answer 13

Benedict’s Test

Question 14

The monosaccharide that is a component of nucleotides in RNA.

Answer 14

Ribose

Question 15

The isomer of glucose that differs only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group at C4.

Answer 15

Epimer

Question 16

The process in which a sugar molecule is split by adding water.

Answer 16

Hydrolysis

Question 17

The enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose in the human digestive system.

Answer 17

Lactase

Question 18

The chemical bond that links two monosaccharides.

Answer 18

Glycosidic bond

Question 19

The name given to carbohydrates with three to ten monosaccharide units.

Answer 19

Oligosaccharide

Question 20

The term for a sugar that can be oxidized to form a carboxylic acid.

Answer 20

Reducing sugar

Question 21

The linear structural representation of carbohydrates.

Answer 21

Fischer projection

Question 22

The cyclic representation of monosaccharides.

Answer 22

Haworth projection

Question 23

The glucose polysaccharide found in muscle and liver cells.

Answer 23

Glycogen

Question 24

The polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls.

Answer 24

Peptidoglycan

Question 25

The sugar used as a standard for sweetness comparison.

Answer 25

Sucrose

Question 26

The disorder caused by an inability to metabolize galactose.

Answer 26

Galactosemia

Question 27

The molecule formed when glucose is oxidized at C1.

Answer 27

Gluconic acid

Question 28

The condition characterized by low blood sugar levels.

Answer 28

Hypoglycemia

Question 29

The transport form of sugar in plants.

Answer 29

Sucrose

Question 30

The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose for energy.

Answer 30

Glycolysis

Question 31

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of starch into maltose.

Answer 31

Amylase

Question 32

The sugar alcohol formed from the reduction of glucose.

Answer 32

Sorbitol

Question 33

The pentose sugar found in DNA.

Answer 33

Deoxyribose

Question 34

The primary sugar found in honey.

Answer 34

Fructose

Question 35

The non-digestible polysaccharide that promotes bowel movement.

Answer 35

Dietary fiber

Question 36

The sugar used for intravenous feeding.

Answer 36

Dextrose

Question 37

The process of converting glucose into glycogen.

Answer 37

Glycogenesis

Question 38

The type of carbohydrate that acts as an emulsifier in food.

Answer 38

Pectin

Question 39

The glycosidic bond found in cellulose.

Answer 39

β-(1,4) glycosidic bond

Question 40

The test used to detect the presence of starch.

Answer 40

Iodine test

Question 41

The enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose.

Answer 41

Amylase

Question 42

The hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.

Answer 42

Insulin

Question 43

The disorder caused by the inability to produce insulin.

Answer 43

Diabetes mellitus

Question 44

The form of glucose found in starch and glycogen.

Answer 44

α-D-glucose

Question 45

The disaccharide made up of two glucose molecules.

Answer 45

Maltose

Question 46

The carbohydrate that serves as the primary metabolic fuel of the brain.

Answer 46

Glucose

Question 47

The glycosidic bond that links glucose and galactose in lactose.

Answer 47

β-(1,4) glycosidic bond

Question 48

The monosaccharide that forms part of sucrose along with glucose.

Answer 48

Fructose

Question 49

The sugar that rotates plane-polarized light to the right.

Answer 49

Dextrorotatory sugar (e.g., D-glucose)

Question 50

The cyclic sugar structure in which the OH group on carbon 1 is opposite the CH₂OH group.

Answer 50

α-anomer