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Biochem for FST > Biochem - Lipids > Flashcards

Biochem - Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main component of cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids

Phospholipids form the bilayer structure essential for cell membrane integrity.

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2
Q

What lipid is responsible for energy storage in animals?

A

Triglycerides

Triglycerides are the primary form of stored energy in animal tissues.

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3
Q

What lipid provides waterproofing for plants and animals?

A

Waxes

Waxes help prevent water loss and protect surfaces.

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4
Q

What is the category of lipids that cannot be hydrolyzed?

A

Steroids

Simple lipids include fats and oils that do not break down into smaller components.

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5
Q

What is the four-ring lipid molecule that serves as a precursor for steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is vital for synthesizing various steroid hormones.

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6
Q

What are the fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet?

A

Essential fatty acids

Essential fatty acids include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

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7
Q

What lipid makes up the myelin sheath of nerve cells?

A

Sphingomyelin

Sphingolipids are critical for the structure of myelin sheaths.

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8
Q

What is the fatty acid category that contains no double bonds?

A

Saturated fatty acids

Saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

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9
Q

What are the fatty acids that have one or more double bonds?

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

Unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature.

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10
Q

What type of lipid serves as a precursor for bile salts?

A

Cholesterol

Bile salts are derived from cholesterol and aid in fat digestion.

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11
Q

What is the essential fatty acid found in fish oil?

A

Omega-3 fatty acids

EPA is known for its anti-inflammatory properties.

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12
Q

What is the essential fatty acid commonly found in vegetable oils?

A

Omega-6 fatty acids

Linoleic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid necessary for human health.

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13
Q

What lipid forms the bilayer structure of membranes?

A

Phospholipids

Phospholipids are crucial for creating cellular membranes.

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14
Q

What is the process by which triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids?

A

Lipolysis

Lipolysis is essential for mobilizing stored fat.

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15
Q

What lipoproteins are responsible for transporting cholesterol to tissues?

A

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

LDL is often referred to as ‘bad cholesterol.’

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16
Q

What lipoproteins transport cholesterol back to the liver?

A

High-density lipoproteins (HDL)

HDL is known as ‘good cholesterol’ for its protective role.

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17
Q

What is the process of converting unsaturated fats into saturated fats?

A

Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation increases the shelf life of fats.

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18
Q

What lipid class includes testosterone and estrogen?

A

Steroid hormones

Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol.

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19
Q

What is the steroid hormone responsible for regulating glucose levels?

A

Cortisol

Cortisol plays a significant role in metabolism and stress response.

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20
Q

What lipid is found in egg yolks and brain tissue?

A

Lecithin

Phosphatidylcholine is important for cell membrane structure.

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21
Q

What is the waxy substance that accumulates in arteries, leading to heart disease?

A

Cholesterol

Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of lipids and other substances in arterial walls.

22
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides?

A

Lipase

Lipase is essential for fat digestion.

23
Q

What is the alcohol component found in triglycerides?

A

Glycerol

Glycerol is the backbone of triglyceride molecules.

24
Q

What lipid is responsible for inflammation and pain in tissues?

A

Prostaglandins

Arachidonic acid is a precursor to pro-inflammatory compounds.

25
What is the process by which lipids are transported in the bloodstream?
Lipoprotein transport ## Footnote Lipid transport involves lipoproteins that carry fats in the blood.
26
What lipoprotein is known as 'good cholesterol'?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) ## Footnote HDL helps remove cholesterol from the bloodstream.
27
What lipid helps emulsify fats in digestion?
Bile salts ## Footnote Bile salts are crucial for the digestion and absorption of fats.
28
What vitamin requires lipids for absorption?
Vitamin D ## Footnote Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble and need lipids for absorption.
29
What lipid is commonly found in liver and gallbladder secretions?
Bile ## Footnote Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
30
What lipids play a role in cell-to-cell communication?
Glycolipids ## Footnote Signaling lipids include various phospholipids and sphingolipids.
31
What fatty acid is commonly found in olive oil?
Oleic acid ## Footnote Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid beneficial for heart health.
32
What is the process in which lipids solidify in blood vessels, leading to blockages?
Atherosclerosis ## Footnote Lipid deposition can lead to cardiovascular diseases.
33
What fatty acid is known to increase the risk of heart disease?
Trans fats ## Footnote Trans fats are associated with increased LDL cholesterol levels.
34
What lipid found in peanut oil is known for its monounsaturated properties?
Oleic acid ## Footnote Oleic acid is favored for its heart-health benefits.
35
What category of lipids includes lecithin and cephalin?
Glycerophospholipids ## Footnote Phospholipids are crucial for cell membrane structure and function.
36
What enzyme breaks down phospholipids in snake venom?
Phospholipase ## Footnote Phospholipase is involved in the breakdown of cell membranes.
37
What lipid has a long-chain alcohol and fatty acid?
Wax/Waxes ## Footnote Waxes serve protective functions in various organisms.
38
What fatty acid plays a role in inflammation and immune response?
Arachidonic acid ## Footnote Arachidonic acid is a precursor to various inflammatory mediators.
39
What dietary lipid increases HDL levels?
Monounsaturated fats ## Footnote Monounsaturated fats can help improve cholesterol profiles.
40
What fatty acid is commonly found in dairy products and red meat?
Palmitic acid ## Footnote Saturated fats are often linked to higher cholesterol levels.
41
What steroid hormone regulates water balance in the body?
Aldosterone ## Footnote Aldosterone is involved in electrolyte and fluid balance.
42
What is the process of converting fats into energy?
Beta-oxidation ## Footnote Beta-oxidation is a key metabolic pathway for fatty acid catabolism.
43
What lipid class contains sphingosine?
Sphingolipids ## Footnote Sphingolipids are important for cell signaling and membrane structure.
44
What lipids function as protective coatings in plants?
Waxes ## Footnote Cutin and suberin help prevent water loss and protect plant tissues.
45
What omega-3 fatty acid reduces blood clotting risk?
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ## Footnote EPA is beneficial for cardiovascular health.
46
What fatty acid has a cis double bond, creating a kink in the chain?
Cis fatty acid ## Footnote The kink affects the physical properties of the lipid.
47
What type of lipid acts as a chemical messenger in the body?
Steroid hormone ## Footnote Eicosanoids are derived from fatty acids and play roles in signaling.
48
What fatty acids contribute to plaque buildup in arteries?
Saturated Fats ## Footnote These fatty acids are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.
49
What phospholipid is found in lung surfactant that prevents alveolar collapse?
Diphosphatidylglycerol (Lung surfactant) ## Footnote DPPC is crucial for maintaining lung function.
50
What steroid hormone is involved in the fight-or-flight response?
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) ## Footnote Epinephrine prepares the body for rapid response to stress.

Biochem for FST (2 decks)

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