Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior pituitary produces

A

FSH, prolactin, TSH, ACTH, LH, GH (Fresh Pituitary Tastes Almost Like Guinness)

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2
Q

Posteior pituitary produces

A

Oxytocin, ADH

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3
Q

Thiazide diuretics act on

A

Early distal tubule

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4
Q

Thiazide diuretics MoA

A

Inhibits NaCl reabsorption (so excretion of water increased)

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5
Q

CCK is produced by

A

I cells in duodenum/jejunum

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6
Q

CCK causes

A

Increased bile production, GB contraction, increased pancreatic secretion, decreased gastric emptying, decreased gastric acid production

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7
Q

Dopamine effects on cardiac muscle

A

Acts on B1 receptors to increase contractility

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8
Q

Hepcidin MoA

A

Regulates iron haemostasis; INHIBITS iron absorption (so conditions requiring more Fe will cause hepcidin suppression)

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9
Q

Adenosine MoA

A

Stimulates A1-adenosine receptors to open potassium channels, causing K efflux and hyperpolarising cells in the AV node

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10
Q

Muscle contraction steps

A

Calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum, binds troponin, exposes binding sites (moves tropomyosin), allows myosin cross-bridges to form with actin, myosin head “flexes” and ATP released as ADP and Pi (more ATP needed to repeat the process)

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11
Q

CRP production is stimulated by

A

IL-6

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12
Q

Ferritin is

A

Storage protein for iron/acute-phase inflammatory marker (may have low Fe but NORMAL ferritin in infection)

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13
Q

Transferrin

A

Facilitates storage/transport of iron in plasma (so low Fe and increased transferrin = TIBC)

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14
Q

Trypsin

A

Secreted by the pancreas; breaks down proteins

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15
Q

Intrinsic factor produced by

A

Parietal cells

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16
Q

Intrinsic factor function

A

B12 absorption

17
Q

Pepsinogen produced by

A

Chief cells

18
Q

Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors are

A

II, VII, IX, X

19
Q

Megaloblastic anaemia caused by

A

Most commonly B12/folate deficiency - reduced DNA synthesis

20
Q

SAN action potential

A

Resting potential -60, threshold -40 due to “leaky” Na channels, opens voltage-gated Ca channels tor raise potential to +20, opens voltage-gated K channnels to drop back to -60

21
Q

Loop diuretic MoA

A

Inhibits Na/K/Cl transporter (out of thick ascending limb, into interstitium)