Biochemistry Flashcards
Anterior pituitary produces
FSH, prolactin, TSH, ACTH, LH, GH (Fresh Pituitary Tastes Almost Like Guinness)
Posteior pituitary produces
Oxytocin, ADH
Thiazide diuretics act on
Early distal tubule
Thiazide diuretics MoA
Inhibits NaCl reabsorption (so excretion of water increased)
CCK is produced by
I cells in duodenum/jejunum
CCK causes
Increased bile production, GB contraction, increased pancreatic secretion, decreased gastric emptying, decreased gastric acid production
Dopamine effects on cardiac muscle
Acts on B1 receptors to increase contractility
Hepcidin MoA
Regulates iron haemostasis; INHIBITS iron absorption (so conditions requiring more Fe will cause hepcidin suppression)
Adenosine MoA
Stimulates A1-adenosine receptors to open potassium channels, causing K efflux and hyperpolarising cells in the AV node
Muscle contraction steps
Calcium released from sarcoplasmic reticulum, binds troponin, exposes binding sites (moves tropomyosin), allows myosin cross-bridges to form with actin, myosin head “flexes” and ATP released as ADP and Pi (more ATP needed to repeat the process)
CRP production is stimulated by
IL-6
Ferritin is
Storage protein for iron/acute-phase inflammatory marker (may have low Fe but NORMAL ferritin in infection)
Transferrin
Facilitates storage/transport of iron in plasma (so low Fe and increased transferrin = TIBC)
Trypsin
Secreted by the pancreas; breaks down proteins
Intrinsic factor produced by
Parietal cells
Intrinsic factor function
B12 absorption
Pepsinogen produced by
Chief cells
Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors are
II, VII, IX, X
Megaloblastic anaemia caused by
Most commonly B12/folate deficiency - reduced DNA synthesis
SAN action potential
Resting potential -60, threshold -40 due to “leaky” Na channels, opens voltage-gated Ca channels tor raise potential to +20, opens voltage-gated K channnels to drop back to -60
Loop diuretic MoA
Inhibits Na/K/Cl transporter (out of thick ascending limb, into interstitium)
