Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastroenterology Year 1 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is glycogenesis?

A

Synthesis of glycogen from glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

The breakdown of glycogen to form glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

De novo synthesis of glucose from metabolic precursors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is glycogen?

A

The main storage form of glucose in liver and muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 forms of glycogen?

A

Liver glycogen

Muscle glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of liver glycogen?

A

To maintain blood glucose levels for red blood cells and the brain in-between meals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of muscle glycogen?

A

To provide energy via glycolysis and the TCA during bursts of physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Joined by a-1,4 glycosidic links and branched are created with a-1,6 glycosidic links

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the first step of glycogenesis?

A

Glucose -> glucose-6-phosphate

Enzyme - hexokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the second step of glycogenesis?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate -> glucose-1-phosphate

Enzyme - phosphoglucomutase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the third step of glycogenesis?

A

Glucose-1-phosphate -> UDP-glucose

Enzyme - UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the fourth step of glycogenesis?

A

UDP-glucose -> {glucose}n+1 + UDP

Enzyme - glycogen synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which is the rate-limiting enzyme in glycogenesis?

A

Glycogen synthase

It can only add one molecule of glucose at a time to an existing chain of glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is the first step in glycogenolysis?

A

Glycogen -> glucose-1-phosphate

Enzyme - glycogen phosphorylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which is the second step in glycogenolysis?

A

Glucose-1-phosphate -> glucose-6-phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which is the third step in glycogenolysis?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate -> glucose

Enzyme - glucose-6-phosphatase

17
Q

Which is the rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis?

A

The first step

Glycogen -> glucose-1-phosphate

18
Q

What are some of the metabolic precursors used in gluconeogenesis?

A

Lactate
Amino acids
Glycerol

19
Q

Where does gluconeogenesis take place?

A

Main in the liver and small amounts in the kidneys

20
Q

What is the stoichiometry of gluconeogenesis?

A

2 pyruvate + 4ATP + 2GTP + 2NADH + 4H+ + 6H20
–>
Glucose + 4ADT + 2GDP + 6Pi + 2NAD+ + 2H+

21
Q

Where are ketone bodies formed?

A

Liver mitochondria

22
Q

How are ketone bodies formed?

A

From Acetyl-CoA from beta oxidation

In starvation

23
Q

What is ketosis?

A

Severe acidosis due to accumulation of ketone bodies (which are acidic) in the blood

24
Q

What does ketosis result in?

A

Loss of tissue function, particularly the central nervous system

25
Q

How can ketosis be detected?

A

Smell of acetone in the breath of the patient

Gastroenterology Year 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions