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Cancer CLASP > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is PSA

A

Prostate Specific Antigen

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2
Q

What is prostatism

A

Prostatism is a collection of symptoms - urinary hesitation, difficulty in voiding and pst micturation dribbling

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3
Q

Compare benign prostatic hyperplasia to prostatic cancer

A

In BPH the prostate is smooth, in cancer it is hard and craggy

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4
Q

What enzymes could you test for muscle tissue

A

CK - creatine kinase

AST - aspartate aminotransferase

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5
Q

What enzymes could you test for cardiac tissue

A

Troponin
CK - creatine kinase
AST - aspartate aminotransferase
LDH - lactate dehydrogenase

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6
Q

What enzymes could you test for blood

A

AST - aspartate aminotransferase

LDH - Lactate dehydrogenase

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7
Q

What enzymes could you test for the liver

A

ALT - alanine transaminase
AST - aspartate aminotransferase
ALK phos - alkaline phosphatase
GGT - glutamytransferase

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8
Q

What enzymes could you test for the pancreas

A

Amylase

Lipase

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9
Q

What enzymes could you test for the bone

A

ALK Phos - alkaline phosphatase

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10
Q

What would you check nest if ALK phos is high

A

GGT (high GGT and ALK phos suggests liver path; no GGT suggests bone path)

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11
Q

Effusion v transudate

A

Effusions have high protein, more likely to be infection or malignancy
Transudate is low protein, more likely a systemic problem

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12
Q

What is the tumour marker for germ cells

A

AFP and HCG - used in diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and screening

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13
Q

What is the tumour marker for heaptomas

A

AFP - used in screening, diagnosis, monitoring and follow up

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14
Q

What is the tumour marker used in choriocarcinomas

A

HCG - used in screening, diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and follow-up

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15
Q

What is the tumour marker used in ovarian

A

CA125 - used in diagnosis, monitoring and follow-up

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16
Q

What is the tumour marker used in prostate

A

Acid phosphatase - used in diagnosis, monitoring and follow-up

17
Q

What is the tumour marker used in colorectal

A

CEA - used in monitoring and follow-up

18
Q

What is the tumour marker used in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

A

Calcitonin - used in screening, diagnosis, monitoring and follow-up

19
Q

What is the tumour marker used in endocrine

A

Hormones - used in diagnosis, monitoring and follow-ip

20
Q

What is the tumour marker used in meyloma

A

Paraprotein - used in diagnosis, monitoring and follow-up

21
Q

What cancers is hypercalcaemia associated with

A

Multiple myeloma, breast cancer and renal cell cancer

22
Q

What cancers is Cushing’s syndrome associated with

A

Small cell lung cancer. bronchial carcinoid, GI cancer

23
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome

A

Excess corticosteroids results in weight gain, reddening of head and neck, raised BP, osteoporosis, raised blood glucose and occasionally mental disturbances

24
Q

What cancers is inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion associated with

A

Small cell lung cancer, brain tumour and mesothelioma

25
Q

What cancers is myasthenia gravis associated with

A

Thymoma

26
Q

What cancers is autonomic neuropathy associated with

A

Small cell lung cancer, thymoma

27
Q

What cancers is sensory neuropathy associated with

A

Lung cancer (usually small cel), breast cancer, ovarian cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma

28
Q

What cancers is acanthosis nigricans associated with

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

29
Q

What cancers is dermatomyositis associated with

A

Ovarian cancers, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

30
Q

What cancers is pemphigus associated with

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia

31
Q

What cancers is polymyalgia rheumatica associated with

A

Leukemia, lymphoma and colon cancer

32
Q

What is myasthenia gravis

A

Muscle weakening - generally in the face

33
Q

What cancers is Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome associated with

A

Small cell lung cancer, lymphoma

34
Q

What is Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

A

An autoimmune disease where the body attacks the junction between nerves and muscles

35
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans

A

Darkened and thickened patches of skin in the armpit and around the groin and neck

36
Q

What is dermatomyositis

A

An autoimmune condition causing muscle weakness and skin changes. Symptoms include a red rash around the eyes and red bumps around the joints

37
Q

What is pemphigus

A

A rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases

38
Q

How can you determine which breast cancer patients will respond to therapy with the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen

A

Measure oestrogen and progesterone receptors in biopsy material. The presence of both receptors indicates the integrity of the oestrogen receptor mechanism in the tumour cells

Cancer CLASP (7 decks)

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