Biochemistry Flashcards
proton
mass=1 , charge +ve
neutron
mass=1, charge 0
electron
mass <0, charge -ve
Atom
made up of
proton and neutron} nucleus + electron
covalent bond
sharing of electron pairs
ionic bond
attraction of opposite charges
hydrogen bond
sharing of H atom
hydrophobic interaction
interaction of non polar substances in presence of a polar substance
van der Waals interaction
interaction of electrons of non-polar substances
How many covalent bonds can carbon form
4
Carbon arrangement
tetrahedral
Elements carbon can form bonds with
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
electronegativity
attractive force that an atomic nucleus exerts on electrons within a bond
phosphorylation
addition of a phosphate
dephosphorylation
removal of a phosphate (cell signalling reactions)
acylation
addition of r-c=o (joining molecules together)
carboxylation
addition of cooh (reactive centre)
esterification
carboxyl + alcohol = ester (alters properties of biomolecules) + water
condensation
molecules polymerise, water is removed
hydrolysis
molecules depolymerise (water is added)
redox reaction
OIL RIG- transfer of electrons from one molecule to another
as one molecule is oxidised, the other is reduced
carbon reduction state increases as
number of bonded hydrogens increases (hydrogen is less electronegative so overall is more reduced)
carbon oxidation state increases as
number of bonded chlorines increases (chlorine is more electronegative than carbon so overall is more oxidised)
increasing order of oxidation states in hydrocarbon families
alkane>alcohol>aldehyde>carboxylic acid>carbon dioxide
