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Comprehensive Exam > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Name this amino acid

A

Glycine, gly, G

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2
Q

Name this amino acid

A

Alanine, Ala, A

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3
Q

Name this amino acid

A

Proline, Pro, P

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4
Q

Name this amino acid

A

Valine, val, v

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5
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Leucine, Leu, L

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6
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Isoleucine, Ile, I

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7
Q

Name the amino acid

A

methionine, Met, M

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8
Q

Name the amino acid

A

tryptophan, trp, W

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9
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Phenylalanine, Phe, F

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10
Q

Name the amino acid

A

serine, ser, S

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11
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Threonine, Thr, T

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12
Q

Name the amino acid

A

tyrosine, Tyr, Y

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13
Q

Name the amino acid

A

asparginine, Asn, N

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14
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Glutamine, Gln, Q

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15
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Cysteine, Cys, C

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16
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Lysine, Lys, K

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17
Q

Name the amino acid

A

arginine, Arg, R

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18
Q

Name the amino acid

A

histidine, Hist, H

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19
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Aspartic acid, Asp, D

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20
Q

Name the amino acid

A

Glutamate, Glu, E

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21
Q

List the polar amino acids

A

Serine, Threonine, tyrosine, asparginine, glutamine, cysteine

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22
Q

List the non polar amino acids

A

Glycine, proline, alanine, valine, Leucine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine

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23
Q

List positively charged amino acids

A

lysine, arginine, histidine

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24
Q

List the negatively charged amino acids

A

aspartic acid, glutamic acid

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25
List the essential amino acids
H, I, L, K, F, T, W, V, R, M
26
List the small/tiny amino acids
A, C, G, S, P, T, D, N
27
List the large amino acids
I, K, L, R, M, Y, F, W
28
What is the difference between nucleotides and nucleosides?
Nucleotides have a phosphate group that nucleosides do not
29
What is difference between purines and pyrimidines? List each
purines: 2 rings: guanine and adenine pyrimadines: 1 ring: cytosine, thymine, uracil
30
Name the nucletide
cytosine
31
Name the nucleotide
Guanine
32
Name the nucleotide
thymine
33
Name the nucleotide
uracil
34
Name the nucleotide
Adenine
35
Nucleic acids: hat kind of bond and where? In what direction does DNA grow?
phosphodiester bond between 5’ phosphate and 3’
36
Proteins: what bond forms between amino acids and where? In what direction to proteins grow?
Peptide bonds between amine N and carbonyl C next amino acid is added to the C end
37
Name the monosaccharide
glyceraldehyde
38
Name the monosaccharide
Ribose
39
Name the monosaccharide
Galactose
40
Name the monosaccharide
Dihydroxyacetone
41
Name the monosaccharide
Ribulose
42
Name the monosaccharide
Fructose
43
Name the monosaccharide
deoxyribose
44
Name the monosaccharide
mannose
45
What determines if a carbon ring is in alpha or beta configuration
Alpha configuration: OH on 1st or second carbon is down beta configuration: OH on 1st or 2nd carbon is up
46
Name the disaccharide and what monosaccharides t is made up of
Maltose glucose + glucose
47
Name the disaccharide what two monosaccharides does it consist of
lactose galactose + glucose
48
Name the disaccharide what two monosaccharides does it consist of
Sucrose glucose + fructose
49
List and describe the 4 catalyst strategies
approximation: orientation and proximity acid base: share protons covalent: share electron Stereostatic:
50
Induced fit vs lock and key model
Lock and key fits at first induced fit doesn't fit perfectly from the start
51
List the 6 classes of enzymes and describe
lyase: ligase: hydrolase: Oxidoreductase: transferase: Isomerase:
52
What are the two main differences between passive and active transport
Passive: no ATP and travels with gradient Active: uses ATP and travels against gradient
53
Describe P-type-ATPase
active transport 4 domains: transmembrane, A/actuator (link), N/nucleotide binding, P/phosphorylation Ex. SERCA, Na/K pump
54
Describe ABC transport
active transport either monomer or homodimer ex. MDR, MsbA molecule binds empty transporter increasing affinity for ATP, ATP binds and causes eversion, molecule is released, ATP hydrolysis and release
55
describe secondary active transport
primary active transport creates gradient the a passive channel or carrier allows molecules/ions to fall back down through gradient with a high value stowaway ex. Na-glucose cotransport in intestine, lactose permease
56
describe ion channels
passive transport have a selectivity filter and a gate movement is a result of electrostatic repulsion
57
describe gap junctions
passive transport channels no filter no gate
58
describe aquaporin
facilitated diffusion, passive transport selevtivity filter but no gate, only allows water through
59
glycolysis: location, rate limiting enzyme, regulated enzymes
location: cytoplasm rate limitng enzyme: phosphofructokinase regulated enzymes: hexokinase: G6P (-) phosphofructokinase: citrate (-), low ATP (+) pyruvate kinase: high ATP (-), fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (+)
60
TCA: location, rate limiting enzyme, regulated enzymes
location: mitochondrial matrix rate limiting enzyme: isocitrate dehydrogenase regulated enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: ATP (-), acetyl CoA (-), NADH (-), ADP (+), pyruvate (+) isocitrate dehydrogenase: ATP (-), NADH (-), ADP (+) alpha ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex: ATP (-), succinyl CoA (-), NADH (-)
61
glycogenolysis: location, rate limiting enzyme, regulated enzymes
location: cytoplasm rate limiting enzyme: glycogen phosphorylase regulated enzymes: glycogen phosphorylase: dephosphorylation (-), phosphorylation (+)
62
amino acid catabolism: location
cytoplasm and mitochondria urea cycle only happens in the liver
63
beta oxidation: location, rate limiting enzyme
cytoplasm and mitochondria rate limiting enyme: perilipins: phosphorylation (+)
64
ketone bodies: where are they produced and where are they utilized
keton bodies are formed in the liver but only broken down in non-liver cells
65
gluconeogenesis: location, rate limiting enzyme, regulated enzymes
location: cytoplasm rate limiting enzyme: fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase regulated enzymes: pyruvate carboxylase: acetyl CoA (+), ADP (-) PEP carboxykinase: ADP (-) Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase: low ATP (-), citrate (+)
66
nucleotide synthesis: location, regulated enzymes
location: cytoplasm except dihydroorate dehydrogenase in the mitochondria regulated enzymes: feedback regulation ribonucleotide reductase: activity site and specificity site
67
TAG synthesis occurs in what cells
hepatocytes and adiposecytes
68
glycogenesis: location, rate limiting enzyme
location: cytoplasm rate limiting enzyme: glycogen synthase: dephosphorylation (+), phosphorylation (-)
69
amino acid synthesis: location, regulated enzymes
location: cytoplasm regulated enzymes: feedback regulation glutamine sythetase: adenylation (-), deadenylation (+), PII (-), PII UMP (+), glutamine (-), alpha ketogluterate (+), ATP (+)
70
fatty acid synthesis: location, rate limiting enzyme, regulated enzyme
location: cytoplasm and mitochondria rate limiting enzyme: acetyl CoA carboxylase regulated enzymes: ATP citrate lyase: phoshporylation (+), glucose/ insulin (+), PUFA (-), leptin (-) acetyl CoA carboxylase: citrate (+), insulin (+), high carb/low fat diet (+), palmitate (-), epinephrine/glucagon (-), AMP (-) fatty acid synthase: sufar (+), PO4 (+), insulin (+), high carb/lowfat diet (+), high fat (-), starvation (-), PUFA (-)

Comprehensive Exam (8 decks)

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