Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid (USMLE STEP 1) > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Which metabolic pathways take place in the mitochondria?

A
  • Fatty acid oxidation (B-oxidation)
  • Acetyl CoA production
  • TCA cycle
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Ketogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which metabolic pathways occur in the cytoplasm?

A
  • Glycolysis
  • HMP shunt
  • Synthesis of cholesterol
  • Proteins
  • Fatty acids
  • Nucleotides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which metabolic pathways occur in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondria?

A
  • Heme synthesis
  • Urea cycle
  • Gluconeogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of kinase enzymes?

A

Catalyzes transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy molecule to a substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of phosphorylase enzymes?

A

Adds inorganic phosphate onto substrate without using ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of phosphatase enzymes?

A

Removes phosphate group from substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of dehydrogenase enzymes?

A

Catalyzes oxidation-reduction reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of hydroxylase enzymes?

A

Adds hydroxyl group onto substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of carboxylase enzymes?

A

Transfers CO2 groups with the help of biotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of mutase enzymes?

A

Relocates a functional group within a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of synthase enzymes?

A

Joins two molecules together using a source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the rate determing enzyme in glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What molecules regulate glycolysis?

A
  • AMP +
  • Fructose-2,6- bisphosphate +
  • ATP -
  • Citrate -
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What molecules regulate gluconeogenesis?

A
  • Citrate +
  • AMP -
  • Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate -
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of gluconeogenesis?

A

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of the TCA cycle?

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

17
Q

What are the regulators of the TCA cycle?

A
  • ADP +
  • ATP -
  • NADH -
18
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of glycogenesis?

A

Glycogen synthase

19
Q

What are the regulators of glycogenesis?

A
  • Glucose-6-phosphate +
  • Insulin +
  • Cortisol +
  • Epinephrine -
  • Glucagon -
20
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of the HMP shunt?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

21
Q

What are the regulators of the HMP shunt?

A
  • NADP+ +
  • NADPH -
22
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis?

A

Carbomoyl phosphate synthetase II

23
Q

What are the regulators of de novo pyrimidine synthesis?

A
  • ATP +
  • PRPP +
  • UTP -
24
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of de novo purine synthesis?

A

Glutamine-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase

25
Q

What are the regulators of de novo purine synthesis?

A
  • AMP -
  • Inosine monophosphate -
  • GMP -
26
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of the urea cycle?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

27
Q

What are the regulators of the urea cycle?

A

N-acetylglutamate +

28
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

29
Q

What are the regulators of fatty acid synthesis?

A
  • Insulin +
  • Citrate +
  • Glucagon -
  • Palmitoyl- CoA -
30
Q

What are the regulators of cholesterol synthesis?

A
  • Insulin +
  • Thyroxine +
  • Estrogen +
  • Glucagon -
  • Cholesterol -
31
Q

What is the rate-determining enzymes of ketogenesis?

A

HMG-CoA synthase

32
Q

What are the regulators of cholesterol synthesis?

A
  • Insulin +
  • Thyroxine +
  • Estrogen +
  • Glucagon -
  • Cholesterol -

First Aid (USMLE STEP 1) (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions