Biochemistry Flashcards
Us + Es
renal function
electrolytes are charged atoms involved in passage of electricity
sodium
primary electrolyte in blood
hypo/hyper- natraemia
assess electrolyte, acid-base, water balance, renal function
potassium
mostly in cells
hypo/hyper-kalaemia
kidneys, fluid balance, nerve stimulation
IV fluids
water cannot be given by itself as it will destroy RBCs
dextrose, saline
urea + creatinine
metabolic waste products - nitrogen rich
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
= gold standard renal function test
normal > 90
kidney failure < 15
liver function test - enzymes
ALT, AST, ALP, GGT
BUT not specific for the liver
bilirubin
liver function test
< 21 umol/L
from breakdown of haem
high levels = jaundice
albumin
carrying molecule (e.g. Ca) renal function
plasma proteins used for liver function test
total protein + albumin
CRP
(c-reactive protein)
marker of inflammation
acute phase protein
transferrin
plasma protein
transports iron through blood
fibrinogen
plasma protein
coagulation
amylase
plasma protein
pancreatic digestive hormone
insulin
glucoregulatory hormone
diabetes diagnostic criteria
random G
fasting G
OGTT
random > 11.1 mmol/L
fasting > 7.0 mmol/L
OGTT > 11.1
normal blood glucose
normal G
OGTT
normal < 6.1 mmol/L
OGTT < 7.8 mmol/L
hypo
hyper
ketone
hypo < 4
hyper > 7
ketone > 15
calcium
major bone constituent
corrected takes into consideration that calcium is partly bound to proteins in the blood
phosphate
2nd major constituent of bone
hypo/hyper-phosphateaemia
ferritin
iron binding protein
represents iron stored in the body
(increased by infection, hepatitis, alcohol, haemochromatosis)
urea
major excretory product of biochemical metabolism
creatinine
specialised product of protein breakdown
mark renal function
hypertension (lab test)
no lab test specifically for
blood pressure
blood pressure (mmHg/mmHg)
normal: < 130 / < 85
stage 1 HT: 140-159 / 90-99
stage 2 HT: > 160 / > 100
suggested lipid profile Total chol LDL HDL TAGs
Total chol: < 4
LDL: < 2
HDL: > 1.2
TAGs: < 1.7
