Biochemistry

Question 0

Inorganic

Answer 0

Does not contain these elements at the same time: C&H (Carbon and Hydrogen)
Ex: H20 Water
Salts help maintain water balance
Acids and Bases: pH scale, important for enzyme function

Question 1

Jessica Spinu

Answer 1

Living Environment

Question 2

Organic

Answer 2

Contain the elements: Nitrogen (N) protein, Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
Ex: C6H12O6—> C12H23O11
Carbon is the key element of life, can form bonds with itself and form many times for bonds(single, double, triple, and rings)
4 Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins

Question 3

Cohesion

Answer 3

Cohesion is an attraction between molecules of the same substance
Reason why the water beads on the window
Cohesion is the reason has the surface tension for insects to walk on water

Question 4

Adhesion

Answer 4

Water sticks to itself (like co-workers)
The water molecules attract to other substances. Called surface tension (adhere to other things- like weak glue)
Meniscus on graduated cylinder
Water is pulled up the stem of the plant
Transpiration

Question 5

Solution

Answer 5

A mixture where all components are equally distributed

Ex: Salt water, chocolate milk, Kool-Aid

Question 6

Solute

Answer 6

Substance being dissolved

Ex: Salt, chocolate, or kook aid powder

Question 7

Solvent

Answer 7

Substance in which the solute dissolves

Ex: Water and milk

Question 8

Carbohydrates

Answer 8

Ex: Noodles, glucose, and sugar
Subunits (small piece): simple sugars or monosaccharides
Contain 3 elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Hydrogen is in a 2:1 ratio with Oxygen
Main source of energy for living things
Plants and some animals use it for structural purposes ( cell walls, roaches)
Also have Disaccharides (C12H22O11)
Ex. of Disaccharide: Table sugar (sucrose)

Question 9

Lipids

Answer 9

Ex: Butter, oil, ear wax, or even the wax from bees
Subunits (small piece): 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
3 functions are energy storage, protection, insulation
3 elements of lipids: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Dehydration Synthesis makes lipids
Hydrolysis breaks down lipids
Animal fat: Saturated (solid) Fats
Plant fat: Unsaturated (liquid) Oils
Steroids is final type of lipids

Question 10

Proteins

Answer 10

Ex: Meat and enzymes
Subunits (small piece): Amino acids
4 elements are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Proteins are made in the ribosomes
Composed of amino acids
There are 20 amino acids
Molecule formed from two amino acids are dipeptides
Molecule formed from three or more amino acids are polypeptides
Proteins think meat!

Question 11

Nucleic acids

Answer 11

Ex: DNA and RNA
Subunits: Nucleotides (bases)
DNA is found in the chromosomes of the nucleus
RNA is found in nucleus ribosomes & cytoplasm

Question 12

Catalyst

Answer 12

Inorganic or organic substance which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without entering the reaction itself
Organic catalysts are enzymes
Inorganic catalysts are heat

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

Organic catalysts made of protein
Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions means enzymes lower the amount of energy it takes to make a reaction happen
Functions: speed up reactions, digest, synthesize( put together) molecules
Characteristics: specialized proteins made from DNA instructions, shape determines function, must be in the correct pH & correct temperature otherwise it will denature

Question 14

Active site

Answer 14

The pockets in an enzyme where substrate fits
~Usually enzyme is larger than substrate
If temperature change causes the shape of active site to be altered then the amino acids would combine slower or not at all

Question 15

Lock & Key model

Answer 15

Shows how enzymes work

1. ) Enzyme joins substrate
2. ) Enzyme and substrate fit like a Lock and Key– Very specific
3. ) Enzyme action takes place
4. ) Enzyme and products separate. The enzyme is now able to be reused

Question 16

Enzyme - substrate complex

Answer 16

When the substrate and the enzyme combine together to form a complex (ES)

Question 17

pH scale

Answer 17

A measure of acidity or alkalinity of water soluble substances
Effects enzyme action
Ranges from a 0-14

Question 18

Denature

Answer 18

To cause the tertiary structure of a protein to unfold, as with heat, alkali, or acid, so that some of its original properties, especially its biological activity, are diminished or eliminated.
Enzymes cannot function when denatured

Question 19

Substrate

Answer 19

Molecules upon which an enzyme acts
All enzymes are proteins
Fits into the enzyme and digests when separates from the enzyme