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Honors bio 2024 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between organic compounds and inorganic compounds?

A

Organic- has carbon, derived from living things
Inorganic- no carbon, derived from nonliving things

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2
Q

Why is carbon a unique element?

A

It can create strong and stable bonds from the four valence electrons- need 8 for the octet rule

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3
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

The simplest organic compounds, contains only carbon and hydrogen, are single bonds

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4
Q

What is an alkane?

A

Single bond

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5
Q

What is an alkene?

A

Double bond

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6
Q

What is an alykyne?

A

Triple bond

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7
Q

Methane

A

1c

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8
Q

Ethane

A

2c

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9
Q

Propane

A

3c

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10
Q

Butane

A

4c

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11
Q

Pentane

A

5c

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12
Q

Hexane

A

6c

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13
Q

Heptane

A

7c

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14
Q

Octane

A

8c

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15
Q

Nonane

A

9c

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16
Q

Decane

A

10c

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17
Q

What elements constitute carbohydrates?

A

C6 H12 O6

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18
Q

What is the ratio for monosaccharides?

A

1:2:1

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19
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple sugars

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20
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Double sugars

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21
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Many sugars

22
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose- from plants
Fructose- from fruit
Galactose- in milk

23
Q

Draw a monosaccharide

A

Hexagon with one OH bond

24
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose- glucose + fructose
Lactose- glucose + galactose
Maltose- glucose + glucose

25
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch- how plants store sugar
Glycogen- how animals store sugar
Cellulose- how plants get strong

26
Q

Hydrolysis reaction/breakdown of a disaccharide

A

Water is split

27
Q

Condensation reaction/ formation of a disaccharide

A

Water is created

28
Q

5 properties of lipids

A

Stores long term energy
Doesn’t dissolve in water
Makes up cell membranes
Also known as fats, oils, and waxes
Forms from 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

29
Q

One fact about each: fats, oils, and waxes

A

Fats- solids at room temp
Oils- liquids at room temp
Waxes- only one fatty acid

30
Q

What makes up a lipid? 1____ and 3_____

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

31
Q

Draw a glycerol molecule

A

H
l
H - C - OH
l
H - C - OH
l
H - C - OH
l
H

32
Q

Draw a fatty acid molecule

A

O H H
II l l
C - C - C - H
l l l
OH H H

33
Q

What 4 elements do proteins contain?

A

C
H
O
N

34
Q

Proteins are made up of ______, of which there are ____ types

A

amino acids, 20

35
Q

amino group

A

N, two single bond H’s

36
Q

Carboxyl group

A

C, double bond O, single bond OH

37
Q

Amino acid

A

C single bonded to both H and an R group, amino group, and carboxyl group

38
Q

R group

A

what distinguishes between different amino acids

39
Q

Protein

A

2 amino acids with a peptide bond- forms one H2O

40
Q

5 characteristics and/or functions of proteins

A

Makes up skin, hair, feathers, and horns
makes up bones and muscles
build and repair muscles
immune defense and blood clotting
act as enzymes

41
Q

Reactants

A

the elements/compounds going into a reaction

42
Q

Products

A

the elements/compounds produced by a chemical reaction

43
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter

A

Atoms cannot be created or destroyed, just rearranged

44
Q

What is the function of a catalyst?

A

it speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

45
Q

How are Enzymes and catalysts related?

A

Enzymes are catalysts in a living organism

46
Q

How does an enzyme work?

A

Substrates bind to active site on the enzyme (lock and key), then form an ezyme-substrate complex. When the reaction is done, the products are released and the enzyme can do it again.

47
Q

What happens to the activation energy with and without enzymes?

A

With- increased energy
Without- less energy

48
Q

What factors affect enzyme activity

A

Temperature
pH level
Salt concentration

49
Q

Icosane

A

20C

50
Q

Pentacontane

A

50C

51
Q

Hectane

A

100C

Honors bio 2024 (1 decks)

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