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biochemistry Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the force that holds the oxygen atom and the hydrogen atom together to make a water molecule?

A

Intramolecular force/ covalent bond

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2
Q

what is the force that connects two water molecules?

A

Intermolecular force/ hydrogen bonding

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3
Q

what charge dose the hydrogen and the oxygen atom have in a water molecule?

A

hydrogen has a partial positive charge. Oxygen has a partial negative charge.

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4
Q

What are the 4 properties of water?

A
  1. high surface tension
  2. high heat capacity
  3. universal solvent
  4. less dense than a solid
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5
Q

what dose hydrophilic mean?

A

water liking molecules (attract water) polar

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6
Q

what dose Hydrophobic mean?

A

water fearing molecules (repeal water) non polar

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7
Q

what is adhesion and cohesion?

A

adhesion- clings to other surfaces.
cohesion- clings to its self.

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8
Q

what are the building blocks for lipids?

A

glycerol and fatty acids (no true monomer)

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9
Q

what things contain lipids?

A

Butter, waxy coating on leaves, cooking oil

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10
Q

what is the function of lipids?

A

Long term energy storage, insulation, found as a bilayer in cell membranes.

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11
Q

Examples of lipids

A

oils, waxes, and fats

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12
Q

Building blocks for carbohydrates

A

Monomers are monosaccharides like glucose.

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13
Q

foods that contain carbs

A

fruit, bread, rice, potato, pasta.

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14
Q

what is the function of carbs?

A

Used for quick energy and is a structural component for cell walls.

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15
Q

what are examples of carbs?

A

Glucose
cellulose
starch
glycogen
chitin

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16
Q

Building blocks for proteins

A

amino acids

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17
Q

foods that contain proteins

A

Beans, nuts and rice

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18
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

Builds cell structures, hair, nails, horns, and muscles.

19
Q

Examples of proteins

A

Hormones, transport proteins, enzyme and speeds up reactions.

20
Q

Building blocks for nucleic acid

A

they are nucleotides.

21
Q

what food contains nuclic acid?

A

It is not in food, but it is inside the cells of all living things.

22
Q

what is the function of nucleic acid

A

it stored genetic info for the cell activities and making proteins.

23
Q

examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA
RNA
ATP

24
Q

what are nucleotides made up of? (they make up nucleic acid)

A

Phosphate groups
1 pentose sugar
1 nitrogen sugar

25
Q

what is a simple carb?

A

they are made up of 1 or 2 monomers and a quick source of energy they taste sweet.

26
Q

what is a complex carb?

A

they are made up of many many monomers and take longer to give energy, taste starchy.

27
Q

what are glycogen and starch?

A

they are both carbs glycogen is found in animals and starch is founds in plants.

28
Q

what is cellulose?

A

it is important in cell walls and in out diets we call it fibre.

29
Q

what is chitin?

A

it is a carb that forms the exoskeleton of lobsters and mushrooms.

30
Q

what is a monosaccharide?

A

one sugar sub unit

31
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

two sugar sub unit

32
Q

what is a polysaccharide?

A

many sugar sub unit

33
Q

how many amino acids are in a protein

A

20 + 2 or 3

34
Q

how many amino acids are essential?

A

8

35
Q

what elements are in carbs? what is the ratio?

A

C, H, O
1:2:1
1C: 2H: 10

36
Q

what elements are in proteins?

A

C, H, O, N, S

37
Q

what are the elements in lipids? what is the ratio?

A

C, H, O
1:2: less than 1

38
Q

what are Examples of a monosaccharide?

A

Fructose, galactose, and glucose.

39
Q

what are examples of Disaccharides?

A

Lactose( glucose + galactose)
maltose( 2 glucose)
Sucrose( glucose + fructose)

40
Q

what are examples of polysaccharides?

A

starch
glycogen
cellulose- fiber
chitin

41
Q

what are 3 types of lipids?

A

fats/ triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids’

42
Q

what is the structure of fats/ triglycerides?

A

1 glycerol +3 fatty acid chains

43
Q

what is the structure of phospholipids?

A

1 glycerol +1 phosphate group+ 2 fatty acid chains

44
Q

what is the structure of steroids’?

A

a ring structure

Biology (3 decks)

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