Biochemistry

Question 1

Intramolecular

Answer 1

Forces within a molecule

Question 2

Intermolecular

Answer 2

Forces between a molecule

Question 3

Ionic

Answer 3

Bonding between a metal and a non-metal
Electrons are transferred

Question 4

Covalent

Answer 4

Bonding between two non- metals
Electrons are shared

Question 5

Polar Covalent

Answer 5

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 6

Non-polar covalent

Answer 6

Equal sharing of electrons

Question 7

Ending for Hydroxyl Group

Answer 7

OH

Question 8

Ending for Carboynly group

Answer 8

COOH

Question 9

Ending for amino group

Answer 9

NH2

Question 10

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 10

type of chemical reaction where a complex substance and water is formed

Question 11

What do two alpha glucose make?

Answer 11

Maltose

Question 12

Alpha glucose + Alphafrutose make?

Answer 12

Sucrose

Question 13

Beta-glucose + Beta-galacatose?

Answer 13

Lactose

Question 14

Bonding Number for Sucrose

Answer 14

Alpha 1-2

Question 15

Bonding Number for maltose

Answer 15

Alpha 1-4

Question 16

two amino acids form?

Answer 16

Dipeptide

Question 17

Hydrolysis

Answer 17

breaking down of large molecules with the help of water

Question 18

Catabolic

Answer 18

Another name for Hydrolysis
Releases energy

Question 19

Anabolic

Answer 19

Another name for dehydration synthesis
Absorbs

Question 20

Monosaccride

Answer 20

Monomer for carbohydrates

Question 21

fatty acids, glycerol

Answer 21

monomers for Lipids

Question 22

Amino Acids

Answer 22

monomers for proteins

Question 23

Nucleotides

Answer 23

Monomers for nucleic acid

Question 24

Starch

Answer 24

a polysaccharide used for storage in plants

Question 25

glycogen

Answer 25

a polysaccharide used for storage in animals (also found in liver)

Question 26

cellulose, chitin

Answer 26

two polysaccharides used for structural support

Question 27

cellulose

Answer 27

a type of polysaccharide that cannot be broken down because it is a polymer of BETA-glucose, and every second glucose is inverted

Question 28

Bonding number for lactose

Answer 28

beta 1-4

Question 29

polyunsaturated fat

Answer 29

lipid that contains multiple double bonds

Question 30

sterols

Answer 30

lipids without a fatty acid component

Question 31

hydrogenation

Answer 31

the process of breaking down a double bond with hydrogen atoms

Question 32

What cause pH to increase and decrease

Answer 32

As the concentration of H+ ions in solution increases, acidity increases and pH gets lower, below 7

Question 33

4 Major types of biochemical reactions

Answer 33

Four major types of biochemical reactions are oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis, condensation, and neutralization.

Question 34

integral membrane protein

Answer 34

a protein that is embedded in the lipid bilayer

Question 35

Purpose of an Intergral Membrane protein

Answer 35

All integral membrane proteins have at least one region that interacts with the hydrophobic core of the membrane. However, most integral proteins are transmembrane proteins. This means that they span the entire membrane bilayer and have regions that are exposed to the aqueous environment on both sides of the membrane

Question 36

peripheral membrane protein

Answer 36

a protein on the surface of the membrane

Question 37

Purpose peripheral membrane protein

Answer 37

They are positioned on the surface of a membrane and does not interact with the hydrophobic core of the membrane. Peripheral proteins are held to membrane surfaces by non- covalent bonds (hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds), usually by interacting with the exposed portions of integral proteins as well as directly with membrane lipid molecules. Most peripheral proteins are on the cytosol side of the membrane, and some are part of the cytoskeleton.

Question 38

transport protein

Answer 38

an integral membrane protein that provides a pathway for molecules to cross a membrane

Question 39

channel protein

Answer 39

a hydrophilic pathway in a membrane that enables water and ions to pass through

Question 40

carrier protein

Answer 40

a protein that binds to a molecule and transports it across the lipid bilayer

Question 41

purpose of a channel protein

Answer 41

form hydrophilic pathways in the membrane through which water and certain ions can pass

Question 42

purpose of carrier protein

Answer 42

Carrier proteins also form passageways through the lipid bilayer. Each carrier protein binds to a specific solute, such as a glucose molecule or a particular amino acid, and transports it across the lipid bilayer. Diffusion is the driving mechanism for moving a solute down its concentration gradient, but it would not be able to move through the membrane without carrier proteins.