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Anatomy and Physiology > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Substances that ionize in water

A

Acids, bases, salts

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2
Q

Proton acceptor

A

Base

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3
Q

Ionize in water to release hydrogen ions and a negative ion other than hydroxide

A

Acid

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4
Q

Ionize in water to release ions other than H+ and OH-

A

Salt

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5
Q

Formed when an acid and a base are combined

A

Salt

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6
Q

Substances such as lemon juice and vinegar

A

Acid

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7
Q

Prevents rapid/large swings in pH

A

Buffer

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8
Q

The ability of water to maintain a relatively constant temperature and thus prevent sudden changes is because of its high _____?

A

Heat capacity

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9
Q

Biochemical reactions in the body must occur in _____?

A

Water

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10
Q

About ______% of the volume of a living cell is water.

A

70%

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11
Q

Water molecules are bonded to other water molecules because of the presence of ______ bonds

A

Hydrogen

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12
Q

Water, as H+ and OH- ions, is essential in biochemical reactions such as ______ and _____ reactions

A

Hydrolysis and Dehydration

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13
Q

Because of its _______, water is excellent solvent

A

Polarity

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14
Q

Forms the basis of mucus and other body _______

A

Lubricant

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15
Q

Ionize completely in water (weak or strong acid)

A

Strong acid

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16
Q

Ionize incompletely in water (weak or strong acid)

A

Weak acid

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17
Q

Act as part of a buffer system (weak or strong acid)

A

Weak acid

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18
Q

When placed in water, always act to change the pH (weak or strong acid)

A

Strong acid

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19
Q

Ionize at high pH (weak or strong acid)

A

Strong acid

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20
Q

Ionize at low pH (weak or strong acid)

A

Weak and strong acid

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21
Q

Ionize at pH 7

A

Strong acid

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22
Q

Organic compounds

A

Fats, proteins, glucose, and DNA

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23
Q

Inorganic compounds

A

Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, KCl, and H2O

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24
Q

Building blocks of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

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25
Q

Building blocks of Fat

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

26
Q

Building blocks of protein

A

Amino acids

27
Q

Building blocks of Nucleic Acids

A

Nucleotides

28
Q

Cellular cytoplasm is primarily composed of this substance

A

Proteins

29
Q

The single most important fuel source for body cells

A

Monosaccharides

30
Q

Not soluble in water

A

Lipids

31
Q

Contain C, H, and O in the ratio CH20

A

Monosaccharides

32
Q

Contain C, H, and O, but have relatively small amounts of oxygen

A

Lipids

33
Q

_______ these building blocks contain N in addition to C, H, and O

A

Nucleotides, Amino Acids

34
Q

Contain P in addition to C, H, O, and N

A

Nucleotides

35
Q

Used to insulate the body and found in all cell membranes

A

Lipids

36
Q

Primarily components of meat and cheese

A

Proteins

37
Q

Primarily components of bread and lollipops

A

Carbohydrates

38
Q

Primarily components of egg yolk and peanut oil

A

Lipids

39
Q

Include collagen and hemoglobin

A

Proteins

40
Q

Class that usually includes cholesterol

A

Lipids

41
Q

Examples of fibrous proteins

A

Collagen and keratin

42
Q

Examples of globular proteins

A

Hormones, enzymes, and hemoglobin

43
Q

Biologic catalyst

A

 enzyme

44
Q

Plant storage carbohydrate

A

Starch

45
Q

Animal storage carbohydrate

A

Glycogen

46
Q

The stuff of the genes

A

DNA

47
Q

 A steroid

A

Cholesterol

48
Q

Double sugars, or disaccharides

A

Lactose and maltose

49
Q

Phospholipids are ______ molecules

A

 polarized

50
Q

_______ are the major form in which body fat is stored

A

Neutral fats

51
Q

_______ is the most abundant compound in the body

A

Water

52
Q

_______ molecules are generally soluble in water

A

 polar

53
Q

The bases of RNA are A, G, C, and _____

A

 U

54
Q

Universal energy currency of living cells is _______

A

ATP

55
Q

RNA is ______ stranded

A

Single

56
Q

The four elements compromising over 90% of living matter are C, H, N, and _____

A

O

57
Q

Is starch is the polymer, the monomer is

A

Glucose

58
Q

During polymer digestion, water as H+ and OH- ions would

A

Enter between monomers, bond to them, and keep them separated

59
Q

Another name for the chemical digestion of polymers is

A

Hydrolysis

60
Q

If the monomers are amino acids, they may differ from each other by their ____

A

R group

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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