Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopaedics > Biochemical Disorders of Bone > Flashcards

Biochemical Disorders of Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

A quantitative defect of bone characterised by reduced bone mineral density and increased porosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the complications of osteoporosis

A

Increased risk of fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the WHO definition of osteoporosis

A

Bone mineral density less than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean peak value of young adults of the same race and sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the WHO definition of osteopenia

A

Bone mineral density if between 1 to 2.5 standard deviations below mean peak value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of primary osteoporosis?

A

Post menopausal

Old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is post menopausal OP

A

exacerbated loss of bone in the post menopausal period- smoking, alcohol, lack of exercise and poor diet are further risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of fractures tend to occur in post menopausal Op

A

colles fracture

vertebral insufficiency fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is osteoporosis of old age

A

greater decline in bone mineral density than expected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the risk factors for old age OP

A

similar to type 1
chronic disease
Reduced sunlight exposure
Inactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of fracture predominate in old age OP

A

femoral neck

vertebral fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What conditions can osteoporosis be secondary to

A 
Steroid use
Alchohol
Malnutrition
Chronic disease
Endocrine disorders eg cushings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is osteoporosis diagnosised

A

DEXA bone scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which treatment for osteoporosis has the greatest evidence for efficacy

A

Biphosphonates eg alendronate, risedronate and etidronate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is osteomalacia?

A

A qualitative defect of bone with abnormal softening of the bone due to deficient mineralization of osteoid (immature bones) secondary to inadequate amounts of calcium and phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is rickets

A

Osteomalacia occurring in children which has subsequent effects on the growing skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the principal cause of osteomalacia or rickets

A

Insufficient calcium absorption
A deficiency of or resistance to the action of vitamin D
Phosphate deficiency caused by increased renal loses

17
Q

What are the symptoms of hypocalcaemia

A 
Parasthesia
Muscle cramps
Irritability
Fatigue
Seizures
Brittle nails
18
Q

What are Looser’s xzones and where do they commonly occur

A

Pseudofractures particularly of the pubic rami, promixmal femora, ulna and ribs

19
Q

What is the serium bone biochemistry in osteomalacia

A

low calcium
low phosphare
high serum alkaline phosphatase

20
Q

How is the serium bone biochemistry different in osteoporosis compared to osteomalacia

A

Serium calcium and phosphate is normal in osteoporosis

21
Q

What is the treatment of osteomalacia

A

Vitamen D therapy with calcium and phosphate supplementation

22
Q

What is paget’s disease?

A

A chronic disorder which results in thickened brittle and mis-shapen bones

23
Q

How do bones thicken in pagets

A

Increased osteoclast activity results in increased bone turnover

24
Q

What is the new bone like In pagets

A

It is brittle and fractures easily- despite thickening the bew bone turnover is too fast and so new bone fail to remodel sufficiently

25
Q

Where does pagets affect

A 
the pelvis
femur
skull
tibia
ear ossicles - conductive deafness
26
Q

What are the complications of pagets

A 
arthritis
fractures
deformity
pain
high output cardiac failure
27
Q

What is the biochemical picture in pagets

A

Serum alkaline phosphatase is raised whilst calcoim and phosphorum are normal

28
Q

What is the treatment of Paget;s

A

bisphosphonates (inhibit osteoclasts)

Calcitonin

29
Q

What is renal osteodystrophy

A

the bone changes that occur due to Chronic kidney disease

30
Q

How can chronic kidney disease result in osteomalacia

A

reduced phosphate excretion and inactive activation of vitamin D result in secondary hyperparathyroidism with subsequent osteomalacia

Orthopaedics (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions