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Orthopaedics > Anatomy: Spine > Flashcards

Anatomy: Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the anterior rami of the spinal nerves S1-S4 leave the spinal cord?

A

Through the pelvic sacral foramina

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2
Q

Where do the posterior rami of S1-S4 leave the vertebral column

A

the dorsal sacral foramina

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3
Q

Where does the vertebral canal end

A

the sacral hiatus

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4
Q

What is the outside part of the intervertebral disc called?

A

The annulus fibrosis

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5
Q

What is the inner part of the intervertebral disc called

A

The nucleus pulposis

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6
Q

Which ligament attaches between laminae?

A

ligamentum flavum

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7
Q

Which ligament runs along the anterior aspect of the vertebral BODIES

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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8
Q

Which ligament runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies?

A

The posterior longitudinal ligamament

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9
Q

Which ligament runs between the spinous processes

A

the interspinous ligament

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10
Q

Which ligament connects each spinous process together

A

the supraspinous ligament

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11
Q

What are the normal curvatures of the back

A

the cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis

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12
Q

What are the three layers of muscles of the back

A

superficial, intermediate and deep

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13
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the back.

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids major and minor
Latissimus dorsi

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14
Q

What movement do the superficial back muscles primarily bring about?

A

Movements of the upper limb

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15
Q

Where are the attachments of the trapezius muscle

A

The cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Occipital bone
Spine of the scapula
Anterior aspect of the clavicle

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16
Q

What movement does the superior fibres of the trapezius muscle bring about

A

Run in a descending direction- ELEVATE the scapula

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17
Q

What movement does the horizontal fibres of the trapezius muscle bring about

A

Retract the scapula

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18
Q

What movement does the inferior fibres of the trapezius bring about

A

Rotation of the scapula

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19
Q

Where does the latissiumus dorsi attach

A

the thoracolumbar fascia

Anterior aspect of the humerous

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20
Q

What movement does the lat dorsi bring about

A

Extension of the shoulder jount
Adduction of the upper limb
Internal rotation of the upper limb

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21
Q

Where does the levator scapulae attach?

A

The transvers processes of the cervical vertebrae

Superior aspect of the spine of the scapula- ELEVATES

22
Q

Where are the rhomboids major and minor attaches

A

the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

the medial edge of the scapula - RETRACTS

23
Q

Where do the erector spinae muscles attach?

A

Illiac crest

Angles of the ribs (some attach to the vertebrae more superiorly)

24
Q

Where do the deep back muscles attach

A

BETWEEN vertebrae

25
Q

Which vertebrae has an odontoid process

A

C2- axis

26
Q

What does C1 have instead of a vertebral body

A

an anterior and posterior arch

27
Q

Which joint results in shaking of the head

A

Atlanto - axial joint

28
Q

Which joint results in nodding the head

A

Atlanto- occipital joint

29
Q

What are the special features of the cervical vertebrae

A

Transverse foramen

Bifid spinous process

30
Q

What is the function of the facets on the body of thoracic vertebrae

A

to articulate with the ribs

31
Q

What passes through the transverse foramen

A

the vertebral artery

32
Q

Where in the spine is there no intervertebral discs

A

Between C1 and C2

Sacrum and coccyx

33
Q

What type of joints are facet joint

A

Synovial

34
Q

What type of joint are the joints between vertebral bodies

A

Cartilaginous

35
Q

What level of the vertebral column does the spinal cord end?

A

L2

36
Q

What is the name of the membrane that covers the spinal cord

A

the pia

37
Q

what is the name of the thick membrane around the spinal cord in the vertebral canal

A

the dura

38
Q

what is the name of the loosely attached membrane on the inner surface of the dura

A

the arachnoid

39
Q

what is the name of the space between the dura and the spinal cord

A

the sub arachnoid space

40
Q

what is the name of the area ourside the dura

A

the epidural space

41
Q

What is contained in the epidural space?

A

CSF

42
Q

What spinous process does the trapezius insert on

A

T12

43
Q

What nerve innervates the trapezius

A

the spinous accessory

44
Q

What innervates the rhomboid muscles

A

dorsal scapula nerve

45
Q

What innervates the lat dorsi

A

C6/C7/C8

46
Q

Whatinnervates the levatus scapularis

A

brances C4/C5

47
Q

What is the name of the lateral erector spinae

A

illiocostalis

48
Q

what is the name of the most medial erector spinae

A

spinalis thoracis

49
Q

What is the name of the middle erector spinae muscle

A

longisimus thoracis

50
Q

what innervates the erector spinae muslces

A

the posterior rami of the spinal nerves

51
Q

What is the spinal cord a continuation of

A

the medulla oblongata

Orthopaedics (25 decks)

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