Anatomy: Spine Flashcards
Where do the anterior rami of the spinal nerves S1-S4 leave the spinal cord?
Through the pelvic sacral foramina
Where do the posterior rami of S1-S4 leave the vertebral column
the dorsal sacral foramina
Where does the vertebral canal end
the sacral hiatus
What is the outside part of the intervertebral disc called?
The annulus fibrosis
What is the inner part of the intervertebral disc called
The nucleus pulposis
Which ligament attaches between laminae?
ligamentum flavum
Which ligament runs along the anterior aspect of the vertebral BODIES
anterior longitudinal ligament
Which ligament runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies?
The posterior longitudinal ligamament
Which ligament runs between the spinous processes
the interspinous ligament
Which ligament connects each spinous process together
the supraspinous ligament
What are the normal curvatures of the back
the cervical lordosis
thoracic kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis
What are the three layers of muscles of the back
superficial, intermediate and deep
Name the superficial muscles of the back.
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids major and minor
Latissimus dorsi
What movement do the superficial back muscles primarily bring about?
Movements of the upper limb
Where are the attachments of the trapezius muscle
The cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Occipital bone
Spine of the scapula
Anterior aspect of the clavicle
What movement does the superior fibres of the trapezius muscle bring about
Run in a descending direction- ELEVATE the scapula
What movement does the horizontal fibres of the trapezius muscle bring about
Retract the scapula
What movement does the inferior fibres of the trapezius bring about
Rotation of the scapula
Where does the latissiumus dorsi attach
the thoracolumbar fascia
Anterior aspect of the humerous
What movement does the lat dorsi bring about
Extension of the shoulder jount
Adduction of the upper limb
Internal rotation of the upper limb
Where does the levator scapulae attach?
The transvers processes of the cervical vertebrae
Superior aspect of the spine of the scapula- ELEVATES
Where are the rhomboids major and minor attaches
the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
the medial edge of the scapula - RETRACTS
Where do the erector spinae muscles attach?
Illiac crest
Angles of the ribs (some attach to the vertebrae more superiorly)
Where do the deep back muscles attach
BETWEEN vertebrae
