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Biocem > Biochem test 2 > Flashcards

Biochem test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The main sugar in our blood is…

A

Glucose

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2
Q

All of the principal polysaccharides we have discussed contain repeating units of…

A

Glucose

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3
Q

This disaccharide is the initial breakdown product in the digestion of starches:

A

Maltose

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4
Q

Glucose is an example of reducing sugar because…

A

its a ketose, converts Cu2+ –> Cu+, it can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid

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5
Q

Milk sugar, lactose, consists of the following pair of monosaccharides:

A

Galactose and glucose

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6
Q

The role of unsaturated lipids in membranes is to maintain…

A

fluidity

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7
Q

One purpose of measuring protein lateral diffusion in membranes is to monitor…

A

membrane fluidity, and hence lipid composition

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8
Q

Integral membrane proteins associate with membranes because of there…

A

Alternating regions of polar and non-polar groups along the length of the protein.

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9
Q

The main role of cholesterol in biological membranes is for this:

A

To maintain membrane rigidity while still being fluid

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10
Q

The membrane around our cells consists of these components:

A

Phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol, and protein

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11
Q

The chargaff rules for DNA showed that numbers of AT bases match and GC bases match suggesting DNA is different from RNA because it is/has

A

double-stranded

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12
Q

In order to amplify DNA, PCR makes use of DNA polymerase with this many primers:

A

TWO

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13
Q

Membrane asymmetry is maintained through these groups on the luminal face of membrane proteins:

A

sugars

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14
Q

Membrane proteins that interact with the interior non-polar regions of the membrane are termed:

A

Integral

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15
Q

Besides molecular transport, transmembrane proteins often act in this role:

A

Receptors

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16
Q

Cellular membranes are kept fluid due to the presence of these types of lipids:

A

unsaturated

17
Q

This is the principal (non-lipid component in membranes, and provides much functionality to membranes

A

Protein

18
Q

The Central Dogma is most simply stated as

A

DNA–> RNA –>Protein

19
Q

The unique deoxynucleotides that are used in DNA sequencing to terminate the addition of regular deoxynucleotide triphosphates are called:

A

dideoxy nucleotides

20
Q

This class of enzymes is used to cut
DNA in very specific locations, often for making recombinant DNA or for other research or forensic purposes:

A

Restriction enzymes

21
Q

Translation utilizes this unusual RNA class, containing both RNA sequences and an amino acid.

A

tRNA

22
Q

DNA polymerases require this primer-specific functional group to add new nucleotides to:

A

3’OH (or hydroxyl, etc)

23
Q

The replication of DNA would result in a topological mess due to its double stranded character, except for the function of this essential protein:

A

topoisomerases

24
Q

It is possible for two genes to have very different DNA sequences, but the same protein sequence because codons are often…

A

degenerate

25
Q

What is the micelles polarity properties?

A

Hydrophilic on the outside and hydrophobic on the inside

26
Q

Cellulose Structure (unit?), (soluble?), (Digestion?) Explain.

A

It’s composed of repeating glucose units joined by B-glycosidic bonds. Cellulose is not soluble due to the small number of OH groups engaged in H bonding with H2O. There are too many hydrogen bonds. We cant digest it.

27
Q

Starch Structure (unit?), (soluble?), (Digestion?) Explain.

A

Units: a-glycosidic bonds. Is somewhat soluble because when it’s heated there are enough separated H-bonds to form water. Digest with amylase

28
Q

What goes on with replication?

A

DNA polymerase: makes compliment strand to the template and corrects errors in sequence.

29
Q

What goes on with transcription?

A

synthesis of RNA molecules from DNA template. (RNA polymerase)

30
Q

What goes on with translation?

A

Proteins are made

31
Q

What are the requirements for DNA polymerase?

A

Template strand, 4 deoxynucleoside triphosphates, MAGNESIUM, Primer

32
Q

What is semi-conservative replication?

A

The daughter and parent strands make up DNA helix. Melson and Stahl validated this with an isotope experiment.

33
Q

What is RNA polymerase?

A

This catalyzes transcription. Def: a member of class of enzymes that synthesize RNA molecules compliment to DNA templates.

34
Q
A

Biocem (3 decks)

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