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STEP 1 Biochem > Biochem Stuff > Flashcards

Biochem Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

DNA methylation at _________ represses transcription

A

CpG islands

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2
Q

Leflunomide MOA?

A

inhibits dihydroorate dehydrogenase. Disrupt pyrimidine synthesis.

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3
Q

MTX, TMP, and Pyrimethamine MOA?

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase. Disrupt pyrimidine synthesis.

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4
Q

5-FU MOA?

A

forms 5-F-DUMP which inhibits thymidylate synthase. Disrupt pyrimidine synthesis.

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5
Q

6MP MOA?

A

inhibit de novo purine synthesis

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6
Q

Mycophenylate and Ribavarin, MOA?

A

inhibit inosine monophosphate dyhdrogenase. Disrupt purine synthesis

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7
Q

Hydroxyurea MOA?

A

Disrupt pyrimidine and purine synthesis. Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase.

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8
Q

What does HGPRT due? What disease is the absence of this?

A

Converts hypoxathine to IMP and guanine to GMP. Lesch Nyhan syndrome. You get excessive uric acid production.

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9
Q

What prevents the DNA strand from reanealing in replication?

A

DNA binding proteins

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10
Q

What makes an RNA primer for DNA pol III to initiate replication?

A

Primase

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11
Q

What’s special about DNA pol III?

A

Prokaryotic only. Has 5’-3’ synthesis and proofreads with 3’-5’ exonuclease

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12
Q

What’s special about DNA pol I?

A

Prokaryotic only. Same function as pol 3, but will also degrade/ excise the RNA primer with exonuclease.

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13
Q

DNA ligase?

A

Joins Okazaki fragments

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14
Q

Adds DNA to 3’ ends to avoid loss of genetic material. Eurkaryotes only.

A

Telomerase

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15
Q

In E. Coli… if low glucose, but lactose is available. What happens?

A

Lac Operon is activated. and there is a shift to lactose metabolism.

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16
Q

What’s defective in Lynch Syndrome

A

Mismatch Repair - (mismatched nucleotides are not fixed) G2 phase

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17
Q

What’s defective in Xeroderma Pigmentosum?

A

Nucleotide Excision Repair. (Pyrimidine dimers (thiamine dimers), are not reparied). G1 phase

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18
Q

Important in repair of spontaneous/toxic deamination?

A

Base excision repair

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19
Q

RNA Pol 1 makes?

A

rRNA

20
Q

RNA Pol 2 makes?

A

mRNA

21
Q

RNA Pol 3 makes?

A

tRNA

22
Q

Stretch of DNA that alters gene expression by binding transcription factors

A

Enhancers

23
Q

Site where negative repressors/ regulators bind

A

Silcencers

24
Q

p53 inhibits?

A

Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CKDs) which phosphorylate proteins to continue cell cycle progression

25
Q

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN). Defective production of proteins involved in the structure and function of peripheral nerves or myelin sheaths. AD and ass/ w/ foot deformities, LE weakness and sensory issues.

A

Charcot Marie Tooth. (Foot in Mouth disease)

26
Q

Rapid dementia with Clonus

A

Creutzfeldt Jakob

27
Q

Acute demyelination of CNS. Destruction of Oligodendrocytes. Will see this with HIV and JC virus.

A

Progressive multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

28
Q

Cafe au lait spots, Lisch Nodules, Neurofibromas, optic gliomas, pheochryomocytomas. Diagnosis, What’s mutated, and what Chromosome?

A

Neurofivromatosis type 1 (von recklinhausen), NF1 tumor gene (RAS), and Chromosome 17

29
Q

Site of steroid synthesis

A

SER

30
Q

Site of secretory (exported) protein, and N-Linked olligosaccharide addition to proteins

A

RER

31
Q

Course Face, clouded corea, restricted joint movement, and high levels of lysosomal enzymes. Fatal

A

I cell disease

32
Q

defect in N-acetylglucosaminyl-1-phosphotransferase. Golgi can’t phosphorylate mannose residue on glycoproteins

A

I-Cell disease

33
Q

Rate Limiting Enzyme of Glycolysis

A

Phophofructokinase-1 (converts F6P to F16BP)

34
Q

FBPase-2 and PFK-2 are the same bifunctional enzyme who’s function is reversed by?

A

Phosphoyrlation of Protein Kinase A

35
Q

PFK-2 activation means

A

(Fed State) lets run glycolysis and store some stuff.

36
Q

FBPase-2 activation means

A

Fasting state. Lets run gluconeogenesis

37
Q

Buildup of pyruvate that gest shunted to lactate and alanine. X-linked

A

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency

38
Q

Neuro defects, lactic acidosis, and increased alanine at infancy

A

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency. Tx increase lysine and leucine intake

39
Q

What converts alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl coA?

A

Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (similar cofactors as pyruvate dehydrogenase complex)

40
Q

Rotenone inhibits

A

complex 1

41
Q

How does NADH E- from clycolysis enter mitochondria?

A

Via malatp-aspartate or glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle

42
Q

Cyanide and CO inhibit complex?

A

4

43
Q

Uncoupling agents for e- transport chain

A

Brown fat, 2,4-Dinitrophenol

44
Q

Pyruvate carboxylase requires_______________ to convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate?

A

Biotin

45
Q

G6P convergs NADP to NADPH via?

A

G6PDehydrogenase

46
Q

No in NADPH in RBC leading to hemolytic anemia

A

G6PD deficiency

STEP 1 Biochem (5 decks)

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