Biochem Session 2 - Bioenergetics and Km Flashcards
how much faster are catalyzed reactions
10^3 to 10^17 faster than corresponding uncatalyzed reactions
describe reaction specificity
enzyme product yields are essentially 100% (there is no formation of wasteful byproducts)
define catalyst
speeds up attainment of reaction equilibrium. however it doesn’t actually change equilibrium
what do enzymes actually do
they provide an alternative pathway making it easier to proceed with the reaction.
what is an active site
the place in a protein where enzymatic reactions take place
describe stereospecificity
many enzymes act upon only one stereoisomer of a substrate
what is a holoenzyme
apoenzyme + prosthetic group
name two subdivisions of coenzymes
cosubstrates (loosely bound) and prosthetic groups (tightly bound)
name two subdivisions of essential ions
activator ions (loosely bound) and metal ions of metalloenzymes (tightly bound)
what is the distinction of a cosubstrate from substrate
cosubstrates are recycled (such as ADP)
describe oxidoreductases
also called dehydrogenases. they catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions
why is redux important
it’s the type of reactions from which we gain energy. essentially we eat oxidized food to gain energy and continue living
what enzyme makes lactic acid
lactate dehydrogenase
describe transferases
catalyze group transfer reactions (usually exchange groups)
describe lyases
catalyze breakdown of a molecule
