Biochem quiz 1 hormone signaling Flashcards
what is a hormone
produced in one tissue that has an effect on another tissue
What does the pancreas release
insulin and glucagon
insulin
anabolic, promotes fuel storage and growth after a meal.
** ONLY HORMONE THAT Lowers blood glucose
glucagon
mobilizes fuel, maintains blood glucose during fasting. Raises blood glucose.
epinephrine
mobilizes fuel during acute stress, raises blood glucose.
cortisol
allows mobilization of fuels during chronic stress, raises blood glucose.
peptide hormones
insulin and glucagon
steroid hormones
cortisol
amines/ catecholamines
epinephrine, norepinephrine, derived from tyrosine
How are peptides hormones like insulin released from the cells that produce them?
exocytosis
epinephrine
catecholomine synthesized from tyrosine . stored in vesicles of adrenal medulla.
How are steroid hormones released from the cells that produce them?
Diffusion , diffused and released across PM
Hormonal response to low blood glucose:
alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon, the nervous system triggers release of norepinephrine, pituitary releases a hormone ACTH, which stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol.
Epinephrine stimulates_______________
glycogenolysis and glycolysis
Hormonal response to high glucose:
blood glucose increases, glucose stimulates release of insulin from the beta cells, glucagon release is suppressed by the high blood glucose and insulin.
insulin stimulates_______________
glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis
when increased insulin is released, glucagon release is __________
decreased.
Insulin_______glucose production in the liver, and ______ glucose uptake in muscle and adipose.
decreases, increases
The primary job of the liver is to ________________
increase glucose when you do not have enough. Insulin is anabolic.
Glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol ________glucose production in the liver.
Increase
Cortisol _________ glucose uptake in adipose and muscle.
decreases
How do steroid hormones act in the cell?
Steroid hormones bind to receptors inside the cell and regulate gene expression. contents passed via diffusion
How do peptide hormones act ?
synthesized by ER, Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the surface of cell, and mediate their effects through second messengers. Contents released via exocytosis.
Where are steroid hormones derived from?
Cholesterol
What does cortisol do?
stimulates protein degradation, increases blood glucose levels
