Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cebu Doctor's University Nursing - 1 > BIOCHEM: LIPIDS (Cebu Doctor's University) > Flashcards

BIOCHEM: LIPIDS (Cebu Doctor's University) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

are naturally occurring compounds that are grouped together due to their insolubility in water and other polar solvents.

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lipids are naturally occurring compounds that are grouped together due to what?

A

insolubility in water and other polar solvents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

soluble in non-polar solvents: (3)

A
  • ether
  • chloroform
  • carbon tetrachloride
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

They have structural diversity, meaning, there is no existing common structural feature among them.

T/F

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functions of Lipids

A
  1. Storage form of energy (9 kcal/g)
  2. Structural components of biomembranes
  3. Metabolic regulators
  4. Act as surfactants, detergents and emulsifying agents
  5. Act as electric insulators in neurons
  6. Provide insulation against changes in external temperature
  7. Give shape and contour to the body
  8. Help in absorption of fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K)
  9. Improve taste and palatability of food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

These are the commonly encountered component of lipids

A

Fatty Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fatty acids are considered as ____?

A

derived lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why fatty acids are considered as derived lipids?

A

in biological systems, they are usually incorporated in a larger lipid molecule, and is seldom found in free form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • usually 10-30 C atoms
    and even number
A

long chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

-1 carboxyl group

A

monocarboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How fatty acids becomes amphipathic?

A

A fatty acid contains a hydrocarbon tail (hydrophobic/non- polar part) and a carboxyl head (hydrophilic/polar part),

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

– contain 2–6 carbons (often referred to as carboxylic acids)

A

Short chain fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

contain 8–14 carbons; these fatty acids are easily absorbed by the cell for energy consumption.

A

Medium chain fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

contain 16–24 carbons

A

Long chain fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

contain more than 24 carbons

A

Very long chain fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a. Short chain fatty acids – contain 2–6 carbons (often referred to as carboxylic acids)
b. Medium chain fatty acids – contain 8–14 carbons; these fatty acids are easily absorbed by the cell for energy consumption.
c. Long chain fatty acids – contain 16–24 carbons
d. Very long chain fatty acids – contain more than 24 carbons

was based on?

A

hydrocarbon chain length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • These are fatty acids that contain only carbon-carbon single bond.
A

Saturated Fatty Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

general formula of?
HOOC-(CH2)n-CH3

A

saturated fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • These are fatty acids that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond
A

unsaturated fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Carbon-carbon double bond inhibits what?

A

free rotation of atoms around it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

free rotation of atoms around the carbon-carbon double bond

A

stereoisomerism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 types of fatty acids stereoisomers

A

cis
trans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

conformation is present in most common fatty
acids.

A

cis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is a type of unsaturated fat that naturally occurs in small amounts in meat and milk fat

A

trans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

with only one double bond

A
  • Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

with 2 or more double bonds

A

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The ________________________ in an unsaturated fatty acids are very important in distinguishing them from one
another.

A

location and number of double bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

number of carbons shorthand notation

A

x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

number of double bonds shorthand notation

A

y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  • carbon number at which the double bond is located
A

n

30
Q

Δ

A

delta bonds

31
Q

They are not common, but they exist. They are present in dairy products
and in hydrogenated edible oils

A

trans

32
Q

why trans are present in hydrogenated edible oils

A

because they increase the shelf life of the fried food

33
Q

They are generally considered to be injurious to health

A

TRANS FATTY ACIDS

34
Q

TFA adversely affect multiple risk factors for chronic diseases, including

A

composition of blood lipids and lipoproteins, systemic inflammation , endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, diabetes and adiposity.

35
Q
  • Another way to classify unsaturated fatty acids
A

location of the endmost double bond from the methyl end (ω carbon)

36
Q
  • the endmost double bond is 3 carbons away from the methyl end
A

Omega-3 (ω-3)

37
Q

example of Omega-3 (ω-3)

A

*linolenic acid
HOOC-(CH2)7CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3

38
Q

the endmost double bond is 6 carbons away from the methyl end

A

Omega-6 (ω-6)

39
Q

example of Omega-6 (ω-6)

A

*linoleic acid
HOOC-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)4-CH3

40
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids have positive roles in infant development, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and in various mental illnesses, including depression , attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and dementia.

T/F?

A

TRUE

41
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids are known to have
______ effects?

A

pleiotropic

42
Q

Cold water fishes, such as ____________ AND _____________, are rich in omega-3 fatty acids.

A

salmon and tuna

43
Q

are fatty acids needed in the human body that must be obtained from dietary sources because it cannot be synthesized within the body in adequate amounts.

A

Essential fatty acids

44
Q

essential fatty acids are needed for ?

A

proper membrane structure
serve as starting materials for the production of several biochemically important long-chain omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.

45
Q
  • starting material for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid
A

linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid)

46
Q

starting material for the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

A

linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid)

47
Q

___ and ___ are necessary for normal brain development.

A

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

48
Q

Saturated fatty acids have ____ structure

A

straight chain

49
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids have _______________ at every double bond.

A

30° kinks or bends

50
Q

is the IMF present in the hydrophobic tails of fatty acids.

A

Hydrophobic interaction

51
Q

Saturated fatty acids extend and stack regularly which results to

A

high intermolecular attraction

52
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids have kinks and cannot be stacked in organized manner which results to

A

decreased intermolecular
attraction

53
Q

(FATTY ACIDS)
The melting point ______________ as the number of carbon atom ___________

A

increases, increases

54
Q

Saturated fatty acids have higher melting point than unsaturated fatty acid with the same number of carbon.

T/F?

A

TRUE

55
Q

The more the double bond, the _____ the melting point when comparing fatty acids with same number of carbon.

A

lower

56
Q

Based on biochemical function, lipids are divided into 5 categories:

A
  1. Energy-storage lipids
    ➢ Triacylglycerols
  2. Membrane lipids
    ➢ Phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, cholesterol
  3. Emulsification lipids
    ➢ Bile acids
  4. Messenger lipids
    ➢ Steroid hormones and eicosanoids
  5. Protective coating lipids
    ➢ Biological waxes
57
Q

➢ Triacylglycerols

Based on biochemical function

A

Energy-storage lipids

58
Q

➢ Phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, cholesterol

Based on biochemical function

A

Membrane lipids

59
Q

➢ Bile acids

Based on biochemical function

A

Emulsification lipids

60
Q

➢ Steroid homones and eicosanoids

Based on biochemical function

A

Messenger lipids

61
Q

➢ Biological waxes

Based on biochemical function

A

Protective coating lipids

62
Q

Based upon whether or not saponification occurs when a lipid is placed in basic aqueous solutions,
lipids are divided into 2 categories:

A
  1. Saponifiable lipids- are converted into 2 or more smaller molecules when hydrolysis occurs.
    ➢ triacylglycerols, phospholipids, shingoglycolipids, and biological waxes
  2. Nonsaponifiable lipids- cannot be broken into smaller units since they do not react with water.
    ➢ Cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids, and eicosanoids
63
Q

are converted into 2 or more smaller molecules when hydrolysis occurs.

A

Saponifiable lipids-

64
Q

cannot be broken into smaller units since they do not react with water.

A

Nonsaponifiable lipids

65
Q

➢ triacylglycerols, phospholipids, shingoglycolipids, and biological waxes

Based upon whether or not saponification occurs

A

saponifiable lipids

66
Q

Cholesterol, steroid hormones, bile acids, and eicosanoids

Based upon whether or not saponification occurs

A

nonsaponifiable lipids

67
Q

classification of lipids Based on its Structure:

A

1.Simple lipids- contain fatty acids and alcohol.
a. triglycerides/triacylglycerols
2.Compound/Complex lipid- contains fatty acid + alcohol + other groups
a. Phospholipid- contains fatty acid + alcohol + PO4
-3 group
3. Steroids
a. cholesterol

68
Q

contain fatty acids and alcohol

A

simple lipids

69
Q

contains fatty acid + alcohol + other groups

A

compound/ comples lipids

70
Q

contains fatty acid + alcohol + PO4-3 group

A

Phospholipids

71
Q

cholesterol

A

steroids

72
Q
  • Fats and oils are mixtures of lipids known as
A

triacylglycerol (TAG)

73
Q

The main function of TAG in the body is for

A

long-term energy
storage

Cebu Doctor's University Nursing - 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions