BioChem Important Terms Flashcards
Proton
Positive charge, 1 mass unit
Neutron
Neutral, 1 mass unit
Electron
Negative Charge, low mass
Exergonic (exothermic) reactions
Produce more energy than they use
Endergonic (endothermic) reactions
Use more energy than they produce
Nutrients
ESSENTIAL molecules obtained from food
Metabolites
Molecules made or broken down in the body
Inorganic vs Organic
Inorganic- No Carbon and Hydrogen
Organic- Carbon and Hydrogen
Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic- Interact with water (ions and polar molecules)
Hydrophobic- Does NOT interact with water (non polar molecules)
Acidic vs. Basic
Acidic: pH lower than 7.0
- High H+ concentration
- Low OH— concentration
Basic: pH higher than 7.0
- Low H+ concentration
- High OH— concentration
Acid
- ADDS Hydrogen Ions to a solution
- Proton DONOR
Base
- REMOVES Hydrogen Ions from a solution
- Proton ACCEPTER
Salts
Dissociate into cations and anions other than hydrogen ions & hydroxide ions
Buffers
- Weak Acid/salt compounds
- Neutralizes strong acid or strong base
Antacids
Basic compound that neutralizes acids and forms a salt
Monosaccharide
Simple Sugar
Disaccharide
- Two Sugars (Two Monosaccharides)
- Condensed by Dehydration Synthesis
Polysaccharide
- Many Sugars
- Condensed by dehydration synthesis
Lipids
Fatty Acids, Glycerides, Eicosanoids, Steroids, Phospholipids, Glycolipids
Proteins
Amino Acid structure
Glycoprotein
Large Protein + Small Carbohydrate
Proteoglycans
Large Polysaccharide + Polypeptide
Denaturation
Loss of shape & function due to heat or pH
