13 Cellular Components of the animal cell

Question 1

Peroxisomes

Answer 1

smaller vesicles containing enzymes
that degrade hydrogen peroxide and fatty acids

Question 2

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 2

Flattened membrane stacks that modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

The gel-like fluid outside the nucleus, containing various substances like ions, molecules, and organelles.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Organelles that generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, featuring an outer and a folded inner membrane.

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

Membrane-bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes for breaking down waste.

Question 6

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 6

A network of membranes; rough ER has ribosomes for protein synthesis, while smooth ER synthesizes lipids and steroids.

Question 7

Centrioles

Answer 7

Pair of structures that help organize chromosomes during cell division.

Question 8

Nucleolus

Answer 8

A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is produced.

Question 9

Cell Nucleus

Answer 9

The membrane-bound structure containing genetic material (chromosomes) and responsible for cell regulation.

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Complexes of RNA and proteins, either free or attached to the rough ER, that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 11

Microfilaments

Answer 11

Thin fibers that provide structural support and shape to the cell.

Question 12

Microtubules

Answer 12

Tubular structures that form the cytoskeleton, aiding in cell shape, transport, and division.

Question 13

Plasma Membrane

Answer 13

The outer cell membrane made of a lipid bilayer; it protects the cell, facilitates secretion and uptake, and contains receptors for signaling.