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Biochemistry > Biochem High Yield Enzymes > Flashcards

Biochem High Yield Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

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2
Q

What are the positive regulators of Phosphofructokinase?

A

AMP, Fructose2,6,biphosphate

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3
Q

What are the negative regulators of Phosphofructokinase?

A

ATP, citrate

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4
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of gluconeogenesis?

A

Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase

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5
Q

What are the positive regulators of Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase?

A

ATP, acetyl-CoA

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6
Q

What are the negative regulators of Fructose-1,6-biphosphatase?

A

AMP, fructose-2,6-biphosphate

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7
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of TCA cycle?

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

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8
Q

What are the positive regulators of isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ADP

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9
Q

What are the negative regulators of isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ATP, NADH

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10
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of glycogenesis?

A

dephosphorylated Glycogen synthase

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11
Q

What are the positive regulators of Glycogen synthase?

A

Glucose 6 Phosphate, insulin, cortisol

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12
Q

What are the negative regulators of Glycogen synthase?

A

Epi, glucagon

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13
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of glycogenolysis?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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14
Q

What are the positive regulators of glycogen phosphorylase?

A

Epi, glucagon, AMP

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15
Q

What are the negative regulators of glycogen phosphorylase?

A

glucose-6-phosphate, insulin, ATP

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16
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of HMP shunt?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

17
Q

What are the positive regulators of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

A

NADP+

18
Q

What are the negative regulators of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

A

NADPH

19
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

20
Q

What are the positive regulators of Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II?

A

ATP

21
Q

What are the negative regulators of Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II?

A

UTP

22
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of de novo purine synthesis?

A

Glutamine-phophoribosylpyrphosphate aminotransferase

23
Q

What are the negative regulators of Glutamine-phophoribosylpyrphosphate aminotransferase?

A

AMP, IMP, GMP

24
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of the urea cycle?

A

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

25
Q

What are the positive regulators of Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I?

A

N-acetylglutamate

26
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase

27
Q

What are the positive regulators of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A

Insulin, citrate

28
Q

What are the negative regulators of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

A

glucagon, palmitoyl-CoA

29
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of fatty acid oxidation?

A

Cartinitine acyltransferase I

30
Q

What are the negative regulators of Cartinitine acyltransferase I?

A

Malonyl-CoA

31
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of ketogenesis?

A

HMG-CoAse

32
Q

What is the rate determining enzyme of cholesterol synthesis?

A

HMG-CoA reductase

33
Q

What are the positive regulators of HMG-CoA reductase?

A

Insulin, thyroxine

34
Q

What are the negative regulators of HMG-CoA reductase?

A

Glucagon, cholesterol

35
Q

What does protein phosphatase-1 do in hepatocytes?

A

Activated downstream from insulin –> tyrosine kinase –> etc.
Protein phosphatase dephosphorylates Fructose1,6-phosphate and glycogen synthase, thus halting gluconeogenesis and ACTIVATING glycogen synthase.

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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