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Biochemistry > Biochem Amino Acid Cramming > Flashcards

Biochem Amino Acid Cramming Flashcards

1
Q

Which amino acids are hydrophobic?

A

Pro GAV PIL:
proline,
glycine, alanine, valine
phenyalanine, isoleucine, leucine

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2
Q

Which amino acids are essential?

A

Glucogenic: Methionine, Valine, Histidine
Glucogenic/ketogenic: Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan
Ketogenic: Leucine, Lysine

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3
Q

Which amino acids are acidic?

A

Aspartic acid, glumatic acid

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4
Q

Which amino acids are basic?

A

Arg, hist, Lysine.

Hist has no charge at body temp.

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5
Q

Which is most basic?

A

Arg

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6
Q

Which amino acids are in histones

A

Arg and Lys

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7
Q

Which amino acids are required during periods of growth

A

Arg and His

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8
Q

What are the derivatives of glutamate?

A

GABA and Glutathione

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9
Q

What is required for GABA synthesis?

A

Glutamate and B6.

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10
Q

What are the derivatives of glutamate and aspartate?

A

Pyrimidines

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11
Q

What are the derivatives of glutamate and aspartate and glycine?

A

Purines

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12
Q

What are the derivatives of Glycine + succinyl CoA?

A

Porphyrin –> Heme. Requires B6.

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13
Q

What are the derivatives of Glycine + arginine + SAM?

A

Creatine

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14
Q

What are the derivates of Arginine?

A

Nitrous oxide. Requires BH4.

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15
Q

What are the derivatives of Arginine + aspartate?

A

Urea

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16
Q

What are the derivatives of histidine?

A

Histamine. Requires B6.

17
Q

What are the derivatives of tryptophan?

A

Niacin (requires B6)

Serotonin (requires B6, and BH4), –> Melatonin

18
Q

What is the first step in metabolism of phenylanine in catecholamine synthesis?

A

Phenylalanine to Tyrosine by Phenylalanine hydroxylase. Requires BH4

19
Q

What is the role of dihydrobiopterin reductase in catecholamine synthesis?

A

Recycles BH4 cofactor.

20
Q

What is downstream of tyrosine in catecholamine synthesis?

A

Tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase. Requires BH4.

21
Q

How is tyrosine degraded?

A

Becomes homogentisic acid, then converted to maleylacetoacetic acid by homogentiaste oxidase. Finally becomes Fumarate and joins TCA.

22
Q

What two options are downstream of DOPA in catecholamine synthesis?

A
  • –> Melanin by Tyrosinase.

- –> Dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase. Requires B6.

23
Q

What is downstream of dopamine in catecholamine synthesis?

A
  • -> homovanillic acid

- -> Norepi by Dopamine beta-hydroxylase. requires Vitamin C.

24
Q

What is downstream of Norepi in catecholamine synthesis?

A
  • ->With CORTISOL stimulation, PNMT adds methyl from SAM –> epinephrine.
  • -> Normetanephrine
25
Q

What is downstream of epi in catecholamine synthesis?

A

Methyl added –> metanephrine

26
Q

What is downstream of metanephrine in catecholamine synthesis?

A

MAO oxidizes –> vanillylmandelic acid

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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