Biochem Amino Acid Cramming Flashcards
Which amino acids are hydrophobic?
Pro GAV PIL:
proline,
glycine, alanine, valine
phenyalanine, isoleucine, leucine
Which amino acids are essential?
Glucogenic: Methionine, Valine, Histidine
Glucogenic/ketogenic: Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan
Ketogenic: Leucine, Lysine
Which amino acids are acidic?
Aspartic acid, glumatic acid
Which amino acids are basic?
Arg, hist, Lysine.
Hist has no charge at body temp.
Which is most basic?
Arg
Which amino acids are in histones
Arg and Lys
Which amino acids are required during periods of growth
Arg and His
What are the derivatives of glutamate?
GABA and Glutathione
What is required for GABA synthesis?
Glutamate and B6.
What are the derivatives of glutamate and aspartate?
Pyrimidines
What are the derivatives of glutamate and aspartate and glycine?
Purines
What are the derivatives of Glycine + succinyl CoA?
Porphyrin –> Heme. Requires B6.
What are the derivatives of Glycine + arginine + SAM?
Creatine
What are the derivates of Arginine?
Nitrous oxide. Requires BH4.
What are the derivatives of Arginine + aspartate?
Urea
What are the derivatives of histidine?
Histamine. Requires B6.
What are the derivatives of tryptophan?
Niacin (requires B6)
Serotonin (requires B6, and BH4), –> Melatonin
What is the first step in metabolism of phenylanine in catecholamine synthesis?
Phenylalanine to Tyrosine by Phenylalanine hydroxylase. Requires BH4
What is the role of dihydrobiopterin reductase in catecholamine synthesis?
Recycles BH4 cofactor.
What is downstream of tyrosine in catecholamine synthesis?
Tyrosine to DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase. Requires BH4.
How is tyrosine degraded?
Becomes homogentisic acid, then converted to maleylacetoacetic acid by homogentiaste oxidase. Finally becomes Fumarate and joins TCA.
What two options are downstream of DOPA in catecholamine synthesis?
- –> Melanin by Tyrosinase.
- –> Dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase. Requires B6.
What is downstream of dopamine in catecholamine synthesis?
- -> homovanillic acid
- -> Norepi by Dopamine beta-hydroxylase. requires Vitamin C.
What is downstream of Norepi in catecholamine synthesis?
- ->With CORTISOL stimulation, PNMT adds methyl from SAM –> epinephrine.
- -> Normetanephrine
