Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Day 1 > Biochem And Envi > Flashcards

Biochem And Envi Flashcards

1
Q

Deals with the conduct of biological process on an industrial scale

A

Biochemical Engineering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Engineering that involves with the biosynthesis of animal or plant products

A

Bioengineering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells without nuclear envelopes

A

Procaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cells with nuclear envelopes

A

Eucaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Uses carbon dioxides as their carbon source

A

Autotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uses fancier carbon compounds such as glucose, ethanol and sucrose as carbon source

A

Heterotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Obtain energy by breaking down substrate

A

Chemotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Break down organic compounds

A

Chemoorganotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Break down inorganic subtrates

A

Chemolitotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Obtain energy from light

A

Phototrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uses light as energy source and organic substances as carbon source

A

Photoorganotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Uses light as energy source and carbon dioxide as principal carbon source

A

Photoautotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Organisms that use molecular oxygen as final oxidizing agent

A

Aerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Organisms that do not need oxygen but instead use nitrates, sulfides,carbon dioxide as their oxidizing agent

A

Anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organisms that are able to grow in the presence or absence of molecular oxygen

A

Facultative Anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Microorganisms that need only a little amount of oxygen that is lower than atmospheric consentration

A

Microaerophiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lipids come from the Greek work lipos which means

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stored as triacylglycerols or glycerides and used for energy storage

A

Fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Found in cytoplasm of adipose cells

A

Fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oils of plants and fats of animals

A

Triacyglycerols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Triacylglycerols that are liquid at room temperature are called___ and those solid at room temperature are generally called_____

A

Oils, fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Give the common saturated fatty acids

A

Lauri Acid (dodecanoic acid)
Myristic Acid (tetradecanoic acid)
Palmitic Acid (hexadecanoic acid)
Stearic Acid (octadecanoic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Give the common saturated fatty acids

A

Lauri Acid (dodecanoic acid)
Myristic Acid (tetradecanoic acid)
Palmitic Acid (hexadecanoic acid)
Stearic Acid (octadecanoic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Give the common unsaturated fatty acids

A

Palmitoleic Acid (cis-9-hexadecenoic acid)
Oleic Acid (cis-9-octadecenoic acid)
Linoleic Acid (cis, cis-9,12-octadecenoic acid)
Linolenic Acid (cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecateienoic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Important constituents of essential oils. Produced by a variety of plants particularly conifers.

A

Terpenes and Terpenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Isolated from bay oil

A

Myrcene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Source of two molecules of Vitamin A

A

B-carotene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Important biological regulators that shows dramatic physiological effects when administered to living organism s

A

Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Most widely occuring steroids extracted from animal tissues

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Who outlined the structure of cholesterol

A

Windaus and Wieland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The most important pregnancy hormone secreted by the placenta

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Sex hormones are classified into three major groups:

A

Estrogens,androgens and progestins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Isolated the true male hormone, testosterone from bull testes which is responsible for the growth of facial and body hair, deepening of the voice, muscular development and maturation of the male sex organ

A

lacquer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Cortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

C20 carboxylic acids that contains a five membered ring, at least a double bond and several oxygen-containing functional groups
-first isolated from seminal fluid

A

Prostaglandin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Building blocks of protein

A

Amino Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How many amino acids are found in majority of organisms

A

Only 20 of 22 amino acids are found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Important biological regulators that shows dramatic physiological effects when administered to living organism s

A

Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Most widely occuring steroids extracted from animal tissues

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Used for the treatment of rheumatoid artritis

A

Cortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Simplest carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Carbohydrates that undergo hydrolysis to produce only two molecules of monosaccharide

A

Disaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Found in all photosynthetic plants
A non-reducing sugar ( negative to Fehling’s test)

A

Sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Obtained from the hydrolysis of starch diastase
- a reducing sugar (positive to Fehling’s test)

A

Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Obtained from partial hydrolysis of cellulose

A

Cellobiose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Present in the milk of humans, cows and almost all other mammals

A

Lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Biocatalysts that lower the activation energies of important reactions without altering the reaction equilibria

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Oxidize or reduce substrates by transferring hydrogen or electrons

A

Oxido-reductases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Remove groups(excluding hydrogen) and transfer them to acceptor molecule (excluding water); transfer of groups

A

Transferases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

For hydrolytic reactions. It catalyzes the splitting of a covalent bond of the substrate and that of a water molecule with the subsequent addition of the hydrogen and hydroxide to the two fragments of the substrate molecule

A

Hydrolases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Remove groups from the substrate by hydrolysis to form a double bond or conversely, add groups to the double bonds

A

Lyases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Catalytic isomerizations. It causes isomerization to the substrate

A

Isomerases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Cause condensation of two molecules by splitting a phosphate bond

A

Ligases or synthetases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Illustrates the precise fit between enzyme and substrate

A

Lock and key theory (Emil Fischer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Enzyme undergoes structural or conformational changes brought about or induced by the substrate

A

Induced fit theory (Koshland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Enzyme activity depends on substrate concentration
Plot of velocity and substrate concentration

A

Michaelis-Menten Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Are species that interact with enzymes and make the enzyme ineffective

A

Inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Results to increase in slope while no change in the y-intercept as inhibitor concentration increases

A

Competitive Inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Results to increases in y-intercept while no change in the slope as inhibitor concentration increases

A

Uncompetitive inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Used to control cell growth rate by adjusting the dilution rate

A

Chemostats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Any alteration in the physical, chemical or biological properties of the environment (air, water and land) which adversely affects it’s aesthetics quality and/ or beneficial use

A

Environmental Pollution

62
Q

This class is intended primarily for waters having watersheds which are uninhibited and otherwise protected and which require only approved disinfection in order to meet the National Standards for Drinking Water

A

Class AA (Public water Supply Class 1)

63
Q

For sources of water supply that requires complete treatment (coagulation,sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) in order to meet the NSDW

A

Class A (public water supply Class II

64
Q

For primary contact recreation such as bathing,swimming, diving, etc.(particularly those designated for tourism purpose)

A

Class B (Recreational water Class I)

65
Q

Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources

A

Class C ( recreational water Class II (e.g. boating, etc.) Industrial water supply Class 1 (For manufacturing processes after treatment).

66
Q

For agriculture, irrigation,livestock watering, etc

A

Class D (Industrial water supply Class II (e.g.cooling, etc.)

67
Q

Water suitable for the propagation, survival and harvesting of shellfish for commercial purposes

A

Class SA(Tourist zones, national marine parks, coral reef parks)

68
Q

Recreational water Class I (Areas regularly used by the public for bathing, swimming, diving,etc.)
Fishery Water Class II( Commercial and sustenance fishing)

A

Class SB

69
Q

Recreational water Class II (e.g.bkating,etc)
Fishery Water Class II (Commercial and sustenance fishing)
Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries

A

Class SC

70
Q

Other coastal and marine waters by their quality, belong to this classification

A

Class SD (Industrial water supply Class II (e.g. cooling, etc)

71
Q

Generally an indication of the age of sewage

A

Color (e.g.fresh:grayish or septic:black)

72
Q

Color comparison tubes containing water of different colors and assigned a color unit ranging from 1 to 70 where 1 color unit Pt=1/2 mg/L Co

A

Nessler Tubes

73
Q

Comes from septic decomposition at organic wastes and is due to the presence of gases

A

Odor

74
Q

The amount of suspended matter in water/wastewater and is obtained by measuring it’s light scattering ability.
It is the ability of sunlight to pass through water and the ability of water to disperse different materials disposed into it

A

Turbidity - a typical clear lake has a turbidity of about 25 units while muddy water exceeds 100 units

75
Q

1 unit=1mg/L silica in H2O

A

Jackson Turbidimeter -JTU (Jackson Turbidity Unit)

76
Q

Depth in which a secchi disk may still be visible to the naked eye when submerged in water

A

Secchi Disk Depth

77
Q

Lowers the solubility of oxygen in water and increases the rate at which oxygen-consuming microbes attract organic waste

A

Temperature

78
Q

Solid residue when water is evaporated at 103-105°C

A

Total Solids

79
Q

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water

A

pH

80
Q

Causes hardness in water and the formation of scales and deposits on pipelines and fittings if used in industry

A

Calcium and Magnesium Salts

81
Q

Basic components of fertilizer, serves as nutrient for microbial growth in particular algae

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus

82
Q

The overabundance in the growth of algae giving water a pea-soup appearance

A

Eutrophication

83
Q

refers to heavy metals which are toxic even in small concentrations

A

Trace metals

84
Q

Involves the accumulation of metals through each species of the food chain

A

Biomagnification

85
Q

Easily converted into the toxic methyl mercury which causes Minamata disease which is a neurological disease characterized by trembling, inability to walk and speak and even serious convulsions that can lead to death

A

MERCURY

86
Q

Responsible for the Itai-Itai (ouch-ouch) disease which is an extremely painful disease that causes disintegration of the bones

A

Cadmium

87
Q

Causes argyria, the blue-gray discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane

A

Silver

88
Q

Recognized poison,carcinogenic

A

Arsenic

89
Q

Causes neurological disease

A

Chromium

90
Q

Leads to fetal malformation, mental disability, irritability, loss of appetite and reduction of sex drive

A

Lead

91
Q

Principal constituents of animal organisms and in large quantities causes extremely foul odors

A

Proteins

92
Q

Include sugars, starches, cellulose and wood fiber

A

Carbohydrates

93
Q

Prevent natural aeration reducing the use of the stream for fishing

A

Oils Fats, Greases

94
Q

Substances that causes foaming in water

A

Surfactants

95
Q

Cause taste problems in water particularly when the water is chlorinated

A

Phenols

96
Q

Have the capacity to biomagnify, and certain concentrations are carcinogenic

A

Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals

97
Q

Actual quantity of free O2 present in the water

A

Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

98
Q

A measure of amount of O2 needed to oxidize completely an organic matter whose chemical formula is known

A

Theoretical Oxygen Demand (ThOD)

99
Q

A measure of the amount of O2 needed by microorganism to decompose biodegradable organics at a specified time (5 days), temperature (20°C) and pH(7)

A

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

100
Q

A measure of the amount of O2 needed to oxidize organics using string oxidizing agents (KMnO4 or K2CrO7) in acid media

A

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

101
Q

Organics are converted into stable end products in a Pt-catalyzed combustion chamber and is determined by monitoring the O2 content present in the products

A

Total Oxygen Demand (TOD)

102
Q

Organic matter is oxidized in a high-temperature furnace to convert C to CO2

A

Total Organic Carbon (TOC)

103
Q

BODt=Lo(1-e^-Kt)
Give the values of k for:
Polluted and waste water
For sewage
At different temperatures

A

K20°C =0.10/day
K20°C=0.23/day
KT=k20∆^(T-20)
∆=1.056 (T=20-30°C)
=1.135 (T<20°C)
= 1.047 (T>30°C)

104
Q

Defined as the separation of solid and liquid impurities suspended or dissolved in the carrier water

A

Wastewater treatment

105
Q

Treatment used for the removal of coarse and settleable solids by interception

A

Screening

106
Q

It is a type of screens composed of parallel bars or rods which maybe hand cleaned or mechanically cleaned

A

Racks or bar screens

107
Q

Wire or cloth mesh or perforated plate type of screens

A

Fine screen

108
Q

Device that cut-up solids into smaller and more uniform sizes

A

Comminutors

109
Q

An enlarged channel where the velocity of wastewater flow is controlled to allow only the heavier solids to settle out

A

Grit chamber

110
Q

Method of removing impurities that float on the surface of the waste water

A

Skimming

111
Q

Introduction of air into a tank in order to remove grease, odor, improve the treatability of wastewater and promote uniform distribution of suspended and floating solid and to increase BOD removals

A

Pre-aeration

112
Q

Aggregations of finely divided solids to a size large enough to settle out using agitation or stirring

A

Physical Flocculation

113
Q

Maintain a constant volumetric flow of wastewater from pretreatment to other downstream operations

A

Equalization Basin

114
Q

Consists of cylindrical or rectangular tanks where settleable solids are removed by gravity

A

Sedimentation Tank

115
Q

Removal of finely divided solids and grease by floating them to the surface

A

Flotation

116
Q

A type of flotation conditioner that Forms a film and the solids to be floated

A

Promoters and activators

117
Q

A conditioner that stabilize air bubbles

A

Frothers

118
Q

A chemical treatment whereby either acids or bases are added to the influent wastewater in order to neutralize any acids or bases present and thus control pH

A

Neutralization

119
Q

Involves the addition of chemicals for the express purpose of improving plant performance and removing specific components contained in the wastewater

A

Chemical Precipitation

120
Q

An electrochemical process used in the removal of colloidal matter in wastewater through the addition of coagulating agents which reduce the electrostatic charges surrounding colloidal matter

A

Coagulation

121
Q

A physico-chemical process used in the removal of finely divided solids, a polyelectrolyte is added to wastewater which can form bridges that will join together the solids

A

Chemical Flocculation

122
Q

Refers to the destruction of water forms pathogens (bacteria, viruses, amoebic cyst) for the sole purpose of preventing transmission of disease through water

A

Disinfection

123
Q

Amount of Cl2 that will disinfect water

A

Residual Chlorine

124
Q

A continuous re-circulating aerobic biochemical process that keeps cells in suspended growth

A

Activated Sludge Process

125
Q

A fixed bed where wastewater is intermittently discharged and contacted with biological slimes that have grown in the filter media

A

Trickling Filters

126
Q

A large shallow lagoon divided by thermal stratification into an aerobic surface and anaerobic bottom

A

Stabilization ponds

127
Q

Stabilization ponds provided with surface aerators

A

Aerated Lagoon

128
Q

Generally employed for treatment of organic sludges and concentrated organic industrial waste

A

Anaerobic Digestion or decomposition

129
Q

The selection and application of suitable techniques, technologies and management programs to achieve specific waste management objectives

A

Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM)

130
Q

Clean water act of the Philippines

A

RA 9275

131
Q

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

A

RA 9003

132
Q

Clean air act of the Philippines

A

RA 8749

133
Q

An act to control Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste providing penalties for violation thereof

A

RA 6969

134
Q

Water code of the Philippines

A

PD 1067

135
Q

Philippine Environmental Code

A

PD 1152

136
Q

Philippine Environmental Policy

A

PD 1151

137
Q

Gas is given an electrical charge as it enters the device. It is also recommended for all sizes of particulates especially those below 1 to 10 microns

A

Electrostatic Precipitators

138
Q

Separates the particulates from the main stream by direct interception; FILTER MEDIUM IS CLOTH (canvass or silicon-coated cloth)- 1 to 1p ûm or acetate membrane filters-0.1 úm

A

Filter

139
Q

Uses water to effect particulate separation from the gas stream. It may also use a counter-current flow of gas in a spray tower; recommended for particulates of 5 to 20 microns and must have high affinity for water

A

Scrubber

140
Q

Dirty gas is fed peripherally into the device. Particulate removal is by centrifugal impaction on the cyclone wall from where it falls to the bottom; recommended for particulates of 20 to 45 microns in size

A

Cyclone Collector

141
Q

PM (10) are particles with diameter less than 10 úm
-causes diverse health effects

A

Particulates

142
Q

-Artificial gases, used as coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners
-are not water-soluble, therefore not washed from the atmosphere by rain
-stable and can reach the stratosphere

A

Chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs

143
Q

Major constituents of photochemical smog

A

Tropospheric Ozone

144
Q

Function of one component of an environment

A

Niche

145
Q

Certification for environmental management

A

ISO 14000

146
Q

Hottest layer of the earth due to solar heat absorbing

A

Thermosphere

147
Q

Contains the ozone layer which screens out the uv rays

A

Stratosphere

148
Q

Contains the ozone layer which screens out the uv rays

A

Stratosphere

149
Q

Lowest layer of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere

150
Q

Protocol that stipulates that the production and consumption of compounds that deplete ozone in the stratosphere -chloroflourocarbons (CFCs)

A

Montreal protocol

151
Q

Protocol that stipulates that the production and consumption of compounds that deplete ozone in the stratosphere -chloroflourocarbons (CFCs)

A

Montreal protocol

152
Q

An international agreement that sets a target reduction of GHG emissions for 37 industrialized countries

A

Kyoto protocol

Day 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions