Biochem Flashcards
what is the formula for coulomb’s law?
F=K(Q1 x Q2 / E x R^2)
what is the F in Coulomb’s law?
Force
what is the K in Coulomb’s law?
Constant number
what is the E in Coulomb’s law?
Dielectric constant
what is the R in Coulomb’s law?
the distance between charge centers
what do the Q’s mean in Coulomb’s law?
quantity of charge
what is the dielectric charge?
the measure of insulating properties of a solvent
what does it mean if E is a positive number?
it’s repulsed (if E is negative, it is attracted)
heat of vaporization
amount of heat it takes to cause something to evaporate
if delta G and delta H are less than 0 then what does that say about the spontaneity and heat?
it’s spontaneous and exothermic
if delta G and delta H are greater than 0 then what does that say about the spontaneity and heat?
it’s non spontaneous and endothermis
are nonpolar molecules soluble or insoluble in water?
insoluble
are ionic molecules soluble or insoluble in water?
soluble
are polar molecules soluble or insoluble in water?
soluble if they are strong hydrogen bonders and do not disrupt the water structure
how are nonpolar molecules held together
london dispersion force
what is the hydrophobic effect?
exclusion of nonpolar(hydrophobic) molecules from water’s structure
what is the driving force for the hydrophobic effect?
because of the entropy gained by water
what is the stabilizing force for the hydrophobic effect?
london-dispersion force between nonpolar molecules
amphipathic molecule
molecule that has a polar and nonpolar part
lawry-bronsted acid
proton donor
lawry-bronsted base
proton acceptor
equation for pH
pH= -log[H+]
what does a low pH say about the hydrogen count?
high hydrogen count
what does a high pH say about the hydrogen count?
low hydrogen count
pH + pOH = ?
pH + pOH = 14
equation of pOH
pOH= -log[OH]
equation for pKa
pKa = -log[Ka]
equation for Ka
Ka = ([A-][H+]) / [Ha}
how do you calculate the amount of acid and conjugate base in a solution?
pH=pKa + log([base]/[acid])
if the pH is equal to the pKa, then what does that say about the amount of protonated and un-protonated?
50% protonated and 50% un-protonated
is protonated more acidic or basic?
more acidic
is un-protonated more acidic or basic?
more basic
if the pH is equal to 2 units below the pKa, then what does that say about the amount of protonated and un-protonated?
100% protonated
if the pH is equal to 2 units above the pKa, then what does that say about the amount of protonated and un-protonated?
100% un-protonated
if the pH is equal to 1 units above the pKa, then what does that say about the amount of protonated and un-protonated?
90% protonated and 10% un-protonated
if the pH is equal to 1 units below the pKa, then what does that say about the amount of protonated and un-protonated?
90% un-protonated and 10% protonated
what is a buffer?
solution of weak acid and its conjugate base
zwitterion
a net charge of zero
What is the pKa for alpha carboxyl groups?
2
What is the pK for alpha carboxyl groups?
2
What is the pKa for non-alpha carboxyl groups?
4
What is the pKa for Tyr is present in the r group?
10
What is the pKa if His is present in the r group?
6
What is the pKa if Arg is present in the r group?
12
What is the pKa for alpha amino groups?
9
What is the pKa if an amino group is present in the r group?
10-12
What is the pKa if Cys is present in the r group?
8
What is the pKa if Lys is present in the r group?
10
What is the pKa if Ser is present in the r group?
14
What is the pKa if Thr is present in the r group?
14
What would molars be equivalent to when searching for the pH? (see pH card)
[H+]
dipole-dipole bonding
a positive ion is attracted to a negative ion
order bonds from strongest to weakest
ion-ion, ion-dipole, hydrogen, dipole-dipole, london-dispersion
