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Biochemistry > Biochem 3 Exam > Flashcards

Biochem 3 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The sodium potassium ATPase pump does not do which of the following?
Select one:
a. Pump 3 moles of Na+ out and pump 2 moles of K+ in
b. Pump Na+ out and pump K+ ions in
c. Pump 3 moles of K+ ion in and pump 2 moles of Na+ in
d. Pump 2 moles of K+ in and pump out 3 moles of Na+

A

C

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2
Q

Which of the following descriptions represents the stoichiometry of a Na+-K+ ATpase?
Select one:
a. 3 Na+ ions moving in and 1 K+ ions out.
b. 3 Na+ ions moving out and 1 K+ ions moving in. c. 3Na+ ions moving out and 2K+ ions moving in. d. 3Na+ ions moving out and 2K+ ions moving out. e. 3Na+ ions moving in and 2K+ ions moving out.

A

C

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3
Q

Lipophilic hormones molecules are classified as

a. Group I hormones
b. Group II hormones

A

A

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4
Q

Which of the following molecules are very easily transported through the plasma membrane?

a. Lipid soluble
b. Water soluble

A

A

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5
Q 
In the transcellular movement of glucose in a intestinal cell, Glucose follows which of the following ions across the luminal epithelial membrane?
Select one: 
a. Ca+2
b. K+
c. Na+
d. Cl-
e. PO4-3
A

C

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6
Q

Which of the following is not classified as a co-transport mechanism of transport of molecules?
Select one:
a. Symport
b. Antiport c. Uniport

A

C

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7
Q 
Large molecules will transfer through the lipid bilayer by which of the following processes?
Select one:
a. Simple diffusion
b. Facilitated diffusion
c. Active transport
A

C

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8
Q

Which of the following category of molecules would be transported using the facilitated method?
Select one:
a. Hydrophobic
b. Hydrophilic

A

B

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9
Q

Which of the following descriptions characterizes the symport transporter?
Select one:
a. One molecule being moved in one direction.
b. Two molecules moved through in opposite directions.
c. Two molecules moved through in one direction. d. None of these

A

C

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10
Q

Which of the following ions are present in a higher concentration in intracellular fluids?
Select one:
a. Phosphate
b. Chloride

A

A

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11
Q

Glucose and Na+ ions enter a cell via a port. Which of the following ports would you classify that port as?
Select one:
a. Uniport
b. Symport c. Antiport

A

B

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12
Q 
Small molecules will transfer through the lipid bilayer by which of the following processes?
Select one:
a. Simple diffusion
b. Facilitated diffusion 
c. Active transport
A

A

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13
Q

Which of the following requires energy for transport of molecules?
Select one:
a. Active transport
b. Passive transpor

A

A

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14
Q

Which of the following cation is present in a higher concentration in extracellular fluids?
Select one:
a. Sodium
b. Magnesium

A

A

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15
Q

Which of the following statement is not true
Select one:
a. Phospholipids constitute one of the major components of a lipid membrane
b. Glycolipids constitute one of the major components of a lipid membrane
c. Cholesterol constitutes one of the major components of a lipid membrane
d. Triacylglycerols constitute one of the major components of a lipid membrane

A

D

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16
Q

Active transport is down an electrochemical gradient or against an electrochemical gradient?
Select one:
a. Down an electrochemical gradient
b. Against an electrochemical gradient

A

B

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17
Q

Which of the following molecules is transported very easily through the lipid bilayer?
Select one:
a. O2
b. Na+

A

A

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18
Q

Which of the following cation is present in a higher concentration in an intracellular fluid?
Select one:
a. Calcium
b. Potassium

A

B

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19
Q 
Sodium is pumped out of the cell while Potassium is pumped into the cell. Which of the following ports would be able to undertake that operation?
Select one:
a. Uniport
b. Symport
 c. Antiport
A

C

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20
Q

Which of the following hormones act via an intracellular receptor?
Select one:
a. Group I hormones
b. Group II hormones

A

A

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21
Q

When a molecule requires a transporter to be transferred across the lipid bilayer, which of the following categories of transport does it fall under?
Select one:
a. Facilitated
b. Simple

A

A

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22
Q 
Rapid uptake or release of glucose takes place in the liver. Which of the following glucose transporters facilitates the bidirectional transport of glucose?
Select one:
a. GLUT 1
b. GLUT 2 
c. GLUT 3 
d. GLUT 4 
e. GLUT 5
A

B

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23
Q 
Absorption of glucose in the small intestines is facilitated by which of the following glucose transporters.
Select one:
a. GLUT 2
b. GLUT 4 
c. GLUT 5 
d. GLUT 1 
e. GLUT 3
A

A

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24
Q

Hydrophilic hormone molecules are classified as
Select one:
a. Group I hormones
b. Group II hormones

A

B

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25
Q 
Which of the following membranes has a higher Lipid to protein ratio?
Select one:
a. Mitochondrial
b. Myelin
c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 
d. Retinal rods
e. None of these
A

B

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26
Q

Which of the following has a higher permeability through a lipid bilayer?
Select one:
a. An electrolyte (or charged ion)
b. An uncharged molecule

A

B

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27
Q

Which of the following hormones requires a cell surface receptor?
Select one:
a. Group I hormones
b. Group II hormones

A

B

28
Q

Which of the following best fits the description of a G-protein?
Select one:

a. It is heterotrimeric which is bound by GTP
b. It is heterodimeric which is bound by GDP
c. It is heterotetrameric which is bound by GDP Incorrect
d. It is heterotrimeric which is bound by GDP
e. It is heterotetrameric which is bound by GTP

A

D

29
Q

Certain hormone-receptor interactions result in the activation of phospholipase C which hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4.5-bisphosphate. Which of the following molecules helps in release of intracellular Ca+2?
Select one:
a. Diacylglycerol
b. Inositol-P3 (IP3) Correct

A

B

30
Q

Which of the following statements about Group I and Group II hormones are incorrect (False)? (more than one answer). Please be careful - there is a penalty for each incorrect answer.

Select one or more:
a. Calcitriol are classified as Group II hormones and are Lipophilic in nature.

b. Catecholamines are classified as hormones that interact via (or with) intracellular receptors.
c. The half life of Group I hormones are very short (minutes)
d. Group II hormones use secondary messengers like Ca+2, cAMP, cGMP

A

A B C

31
Q

Which class of hormones uses a secondary messenger?
Select one:
a. Lipophilic
b. Hydrophilic

A

B

32
Q

Which of the following statements about biosynthesis of prohormones are correct (True) (more than one answer). Please be careful - incorrect answers will attract a penalty.

Select one or more:
a. Insulin is synthesized as a preprohormone and modified to form the two chains of 21 and 30 amino acids each.

b. Angiotensin II is an octapeptide from Angiotensinogen (about 400 amino acids).
c. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE), a glycoprotein found in the lungs, endothelial cells and plasma removes 2 amino acids from the decapeptide, Angiotensin I to form Angiotensin II
d. PTH is an 84 amino acid peptide

A

A B C D

33
Q

Which of the following statements about the classification of hormones are correct (or True). (More than one answer). Be careful, each incorrect answer will draw a penalty

Select one or more:
a. Glucocorticoid is an example of a hormone that binds to intracellular receptors.

b. Vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone) uses Ca+2 as a secondary messenger
c. Atrial Natriuretic factor uses cAMP as secondary messenger
d. Glucagon uses cGMP as secondary messenger

A

A B C

34
Q

The production of which of the following is increased by the binding of Atriopeptins which are a family of peptides that cause vasodilation in the cardiac muscle.
Select one:
a. cAMP
b. cGMP

A

B

35
Q

Which of the following statements about Biosynthesis of various hormones are correct (True)? (more than one answer). Please be careful - a wrong answer will attract a penalty.

Select one or more:
a. The most significant metabolic product of testosterone is DHT (Dihydrotesterone) which is obtained from Testosterone using 5 alpha reductase

b. Cortisol synthesis requires 3 hydroxylases at C11, C17 and C21
c. The major androgen precursor produced by the adrenal cortex is dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA)
d. Pregnenolone is synthesized from Cholesterol using P450scc

A

A B C D

36
Q 
Angiotensin III is formed from Angiotensin II by which of the following enzymes?
Select one:
a. Renin
b. Converting enzyme
c. Aminopeptidase
d. Angiotensinases 
e. None of these
A

C

37
Q 
Which of the following represents Angiotensin II
Select one:
a. It is a decapeptide
b. It is a octapeptide 
c. It is a heptapeptide
d. It is a polypeptide
e. None of these
A

B

38
Q

Which feature does not apply to the nervous system in comparison to the endocrine system?

a) neurotransmitters released locally
b) response occurs in seconds or even hours
c) affects seen on muscle cells, glands, and neurons
d) mediator action is close to site of release
e) very brief duration of action

A

B

39
Q

Which gland or organ is not strictly classified as an endocrine gland?

a) thyroid gland
b) adrenal gland
c) pancreas
d) pineal gland
e) pituitary gland

A

C

40
Q

Down-regulation makes a target cell less sensitive to a hormone.
True OR False

A

True

41
Q

Which chemical class of hormones is not matched correctly?

a) nitric oxide – lipid soluble
b) steroids – lipid soluble
c) antidiuretic hormone – lipid soluble
d) T3 and T4 – water soluble
e) catecholamines – water soluble

A

D

42
Q

Most water soluble hormones must be attached to a transport protein in order to be circulated.

TRUE OR FALSE

A

False

43
Q

Which of the following does not influence the responsiveness of a target cell to a hormone?

a) the number of receptors on the target cell
b) the temperature of the tissue
c) the presence and effects of other hormones
d) the concentration of the hormone
e) previous exposure to a hormone

A

B

44
Q

Which of the following is true when describing the permissive effect of a hormone?

a) a permissive hormone can cancel out the effect of another hormone
b) this means that two hormones have a greater effect than just one
c) the hormone can act alone when having an effect on a tissue
d) is usually the result of a second hormone’s exposure on target cell

A

D

45
Q

Which of the following is not a true statement?

a) most hormone systems function under a positive feedback system
b) secretion of hormones occurs in short bursts
c) signals from the nervous system regulate hormone secretion
d) chemical changes in the blood may determine concentration of hormone release
e) regulation of secretion prevents overproduction of a hormone

A

A

46
Q

Which gland is divided into two distinct functional units?

a) thyroid
b) pineal
c) pituitary
d) thalamus
e) hypothalamus

A

C

47
Q

Which statement is correct regarding the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

a) releasing hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary
b) the hypothalamus is ‘controlled’ by the pituitary gland
c) the posterior lobe of the pituitary secretes inhibiting hormones
d) the hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that influence the pituitary gland

A

D

48
Q

Which of the following is true?

a) the hypothalamic hypophyseal tract contains fibers that connect the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
b) the neurohypophysis synthesizes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
c) vasopressin increases blood pressure
d) the adenohypophysis stores and releases two hormones

A

C

49
Q

Which of the following hormones would increase in a laboratory animal after a thyroidectomy? 1.thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 2.triiodothyronine (T3) 3.thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) 4.thyroxine (T4)

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 1 and 3

A

E

50
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about the thyroid gland?

a) most of the gland is made up of sacs called thyroid follicles
b) the parafollicular cells produce thyroxine
c) the lobes are connected by an isthmus
d) it is the only endocrine gland that stores hormones in large amounts
e) hormones secreted control the basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

B

51
Q

T3 and T4 are water soluble and thus cannot diffuse through the plasma bilayer.

T or F

A

False

52
Q

Which of the following is an effect of the thyroid hormones?

a) increases blood cholesterol
b) increases carbohydrate synthesis
c) increases oxygen consumption
d) decreases actions of the epinephrine and norepinephrine
e) helps slow down body growth

A

C

53
Q

What is not a function of the parathyroid glands?

a) increase formation of vitamin D
b) increase the number of osteoclasts
c) regulate the level of calcium in the blood
d) increase bone resorption
e) promote formation of calcitriol

A

B

54
Q

Which statement is not true of the interplay between PTH and calcitriol?

a) calcitriol increases calcium absorption from foods
b) PTH increases resorption of bone
c) high blood calcium levels increases calcitonin release
d) PTH decreases vitamin D levels
e) PTH raises blood calcium levels

A

D

55
Q

Which of the following layers of the adrenal cortex is matched correctly?

a) zona reticularis – synthesizes dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA)
b) zona glomerulosa – synthesizes cortisol
c) zona fasciculate – synthesizes aldosterone

A

A

56
Q

The adrenal medulla has tissue similarities with the parasympathetic ganglia.

T or F

A

False

57
Q

Which of the following is a true statement?

a) the levels of glucagon and insulin are based on a positive feedback system
b) hyperglycemia stimulates release of glucagon
c) insulin increases glycogenesis and lipogenesis
d) glucagon stimulates kidney cells to releases glucose into the blood
e) blood amino acid level is the most important regulator of insulin and glucagon

A

C

58
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

a) a carbohydrate-rich meal increases insulin secretion
b) a protein-rich meal increases glucagon secretion
c) a carbohydrate-rich meal decreases glucagon secretion
d) exercise will increase glucagon secretion
e) all of the statements are true

A

E

59
Q

The male and female gonads are considered reproductive and endocrine organs.

T or F

A

True

60
Q

Which of the following is a true statement in reference to melatonin? 1. it is secreted by the pineal gland 2. it is stimulated by sunlight 3. it is a derivative of serotonin 4. it is part of the hypothalamus

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 1 and 3 are correct

A

E

61
Q

Which hormone is not matched correctly with its principal action?

a) gastrin – increases stomach movement
b) erythropoietin (EPO) – increases white blood cell production
c) leptin – suppresses appetite
d) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) – lowers blood pressure
e) estrogens – prepare mammary gland to secrete milk

A

B

62
Q

Which of the following is not true of the prostaglandins?

a) decrease pain sensitivity
b) promote fever
c) derived from arachidonic acid
d) alter smooth muscle contraction
e) promote fever and alter smooth muscle contraction

A

A

63
Q

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is primarily regulated by the pituitary gland.

TorF

A

False

64
Q

The flight-or-flight response produces all of the following except:

a) increased heart rate and force of contraction
b) dilation of vessels to the digestive organs
c) increase in blood pressure
d) decreased urinary activity
e) increased glycogenolysis

A

B

65
Q

People under a great amount of chronic stress are no more prone to disease than those who are not.

TorF

A

False

66
Q

The adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla both derive from mesoderm.

TorF

A

False

67
Q

As we age, the decrease of which hormone is associated with the loss of muscle tissue?

a) cortisol
b) aldosterone
c) human growth hormone
d) estrogen
e) thyroxine

A

C

Biochemistry (6 decks)

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